Lecture 6 - Reading Development Flashcards
what are the 3 types of writing systems of language and how are they used
Alphabetic system: writing vowels
English, Italian, Russian, Greek, Korean
Arabic, Hebrew, Persian (only consonants need to be written)
Syllabaries: each symbol= 1 phoneme
Japanese (Kana)
Morpho-syllabic: each symbol= multiple phonemes eg ba/pa
Chinese
when does language development start + give evidence for this
before birth
Japanese lang doesn’t need distinction of ra/la
Japanese newborns show can differentiate these sounds (using rate of sucking)
but at 12 months old loose these abilities
what happens at 12 months to language development
After 12 months, phonemes that don’t appear in the infant’s native language are no longer discriminated
what happens at 2yrs to language development
naming explosion - pick up several words a day
start using pragmatic use of language structures - eg thank you/ please
know how to use lang to get what you want
what happens at 6yrs to language developmen
can name 5000-6000 wors
Start learning pragmatic use of language during preschool
Metalinguistic awareness, e.g. a sentence can be wrong/right, a sentence consists of words, etc.
what is stage 1 for reading development and how old are they
LEARNING TO READ
Initial reading and decoding
Building fluency
Listening comprehension better than reading comprehension
years 1-3
what is stage 2 for reading development and how old are they
READING TO LEARN
subject area reading
Vocabulary expands through reading
Reading comprehension equal to or better than listening comprehension
years 4-10
what is stage 3 for reading development and how old are they
INDEPENDANT READING Wide reading in different subjects and genres Continued vocabulary expansion Can integrate multiple viewpoints Reading is more efficient than listening 10- uni
what is stage 0 for reading development and how old are they
first attempts : memorisation of the visual image of the word- don’t need to know language
guessing stafe
how do you get from guessing words to sequential coding
Selective visual association
e.g. if the word starts with a “c”, it is “cat”
But then the child encounters “car” and “cool”
learns that not everthing beginning with a c is a cat as tod by parents which leads to next stage
Cipher/alphabetic stage
Child starts to pay attention to the alphabetic principle
how do children get to the alphabetic stage of reading
Phonological errors are a good sign (Stuart, 1990)
They show that the child is trying to apply the alphabetic principle
Other errors (e.g. order) are less productive
Self-teaching by attempting phonological recoding on novel words
Encountering the same words again and again through practice brings fluency
