Lecture 6 - phonlogical awareness

Question 1

what is phonological awareness

Answer 1

learning what a phoneme is

these are abstract not trivial

Question 2

what is the first step of becoming a reader according to phonological awareness

Answer 2

first abstraction

Question 3

what are easier to learn and why - vowels or constanants (phonological awareness)

Answer 3

vowels easier
constants hard - due to co-articulation ( different allaphones- so harder to see logic)

constants sound different depending on what follows them

children have to develop a intuitive idea pf what an phoneme is

Question 4

what is phonological awareness a good predictor of

Answer 4

later reading skills

Question 5

What is Orthographic awareness

Answer 5

• how regular an alphabetic system is 0 varied alot by language
• does every phoneme correspond to one letter
• does every letter correspond to each phoneme

Question 6

give an example of a language which is easy to learn due to its Orthographic awareness

Answer 6

Finnish : perfectly regular/ shallow

Question 7

give an example of a language which is hard to learn due to its Orthographic awareness

Answer 7

english - very irregular

• the less irregular the harder it is to develop phonological awareness

chinese

Question 8

how many errors are made by english first graders due to the languages Orthographic awareness

Answer 8

67%

Question 9

what is print awareness

Answer 9

the text which encodes a language

opposes Orthographic awareness as print awareness contains info which is pleasurable to read and motivating

Question 10

what is studied in print awareness

Answer 10

• how children obtain the knowledge and interaction with parents

Question 11

describe Evans & Saint-Aubin, 2005 study about print awareness

Answer 11

stduy about whether story book reading by parents improves later reading performance

eyetracking study

Question 12

what was the results of Evans & Saint-Aubin, 2005 study

Answer 12

• children tend to look at pictures not words

storybook reading doesnt help later reading due to this

adults dont usually draw children’s attention to the text- if they do this could be helpful

Question 13

why is english a hard language to learn

Answer 13

due to the high number of irregular pronounciation

Question 14

describe the phonics approach to teachung language

Answer 14

emphasises the grampheem phoneme correspondance

standard approach to reading instruction

– Systematic instruction on grapheme-phoneme
correspondence
– Start with limited number of letters, then
introduce more and more complex letters and
consonant clusters (th, ch, st, tr)
– Words are repeated frequently
– Possibly boring and repetitive
– Not as motivating as whole-word approach
• Although independently sounding out a new word
can be very rewarding

• start with limited amount of letters and learn more + get more complex

Question 15

does phonics approach or the whole word approach work better for english

Answer 15

phonics

Question 16

describe the whole word approach to learning language

Answer 16

learn whole words such as have- so can give kids harder texts which are more motivating to learn

Whole-word/meaning-emphasis instruction
– The most important words are irregular (e.g.
“have”, so those should be learned first, and by
heart
– That way, children can have early success
reading interesting texts
– Beginning readers get used to reading for
meaning
– Motivating and enjoyable
– Children should not be corrected when they
make errors (so as to not demotivate them)

Question 17

Which route does the whole-word approach focus on? in the DRC model

Answer 17

direct/ lexicon approach

Question 18

Which route does the phonics approach focus on?in the drc model

Answer 18

grapheme phoneme system works - then builds up lexical representations naturally as encounter many times - DRC model favours this

Question 19

describe Evans and Carr (1985) study on teaching methods

Answer 19

researched teaching method effectiveness

compared 2 teaching programmes

• Teacher-directed classroom programme involving
  phonics drills
  • Student-centered classrooms focused on natural
  exposure to language and text ( no phonics or drills - occured naturally)

Question 20

what was found from Evans and Carr (1985) study on teaching methods

Answer 20

Result: students in phonics-oriented classrooms

performed better

Question 21

describe the national reading panels results and method into investigating teaching methods

Answer 21

National Reading Panel (US):
– Meta-analysis of 38 studies on the effect of
classroom instruction on reading performance
– Clear result: systematic phonics were superior
to any other method
• On the whole, phonics-centered approach
(with carefully designed, motivating
materials) is best.

Question 22

what approcah is best to learning languages

Answer 22

phonics approach