Lecture 6 - phonlogical awareness Flashcards
what is phonological awareness
learning what a phoneme is
these are abstract not trivial
what is the first step of becoming a reader according to phonological awareness
first abstraction
what are easier to learn and why - vowels or constanants (phonological awareness)
vowels easier
constants hard - due to co-articulation ( different allaphones- so harder to see logic)
constants sound different depending on what follows them
children have to develop a intuitive idea pf what an phoneme is
what is phonological awareness a good predictor of
later reading skills
What is Orthographic awareness
- how regular an alphabetic system is 0 varied alot by language
- does every phoneme correspond to one letter
- does every letter correspond to each phoneme
give an example of a language which is easy to learn due to its Orthographic awareness
Finnish : perfectly regular/ shallow
give an example of a language which is hard to learn due to its Orthographic awareness
english - very irregular
- the less irregular the harder it is to develop phonological awareness
chinese
how many errors are made by english first graders due to the languages Orthographic awareness
67%
what is print awareness
the text which encodes a language
opposes Orthographic awareness as print awareness contains info which is pleasurable to read and motivating
what is studied in print awareness
- how children obtain the knowledge and interaction with parents
describe Evans & Saint-Aubin, 2005 study about print awareness
stduy about whether story book reading by parents improves later reading performance
eyetracking study
what was the results of Evans & Saint-Aubin, 2005 study
- children tend to look at pictures not words
storybook reading doesnt help later reading due to this
adults dont usually draw children’s attention to the text- if they do this could be helpful
why is english a hard language to learn
due to the high number of irregular pronounciation
describe the phonics approach to teachung language
emphasises the grampheem phoneme correspondance
standard approach to reading instruction
– Systematic instruction on grapheme-phoneme
correspondence
– Start with limited number of letters, then
introduce more and more complex letters and
consonant clusters (th, ch, st, tr)
– Words are repeated frequently
– Possibly boring and repetitive
– Not as motivating as whole-word approach
• Although independently sounding out a new word
can be very rewarding
- start with limited amount of letters and learn more + get more complex
does phonics approach or the whole word approach work better for english
phonics
describe the whole word approach to learning language
learn whole words such as have- so can give kids harder texts which are more motivating to learn
Whole-word/meaning-emphasis instruction
– The most important words are irregular (e.g.
“have”, so those should be learned first, and by
heart
– That way, children can have early success
reading interesting texts
– Beginning readers get used to reading for
meaning
– Motivating and enjoyable
– Children should not be corrected when they
make errors (so as to not demotivate them)
Which route does the whole-word approach focus on? in the DRC model
direct/ lexicon approach
Which route does the phonics approach focus on?in the drc model
grapheme phoneme system works - then builds up lexical representations naturally as encounter many times - DRC model favours this
describe Evans and Carr (1985) study on teaching methods
researched teaching method effectiveness
compared 2 teaching programmes
- Teacher-directed classroom programme involving
phonics drills
• Student-centered classrooms focused on natural
exposure to language and text ( no phonics or drills - occured naturally)
what was found from Evans and Carr (1985) study on teaching methods
Result: students in phonics-oriented classrooms
performed better
describe the national reading panels results and method into investigating teaching methods
National Reading Panel (US):
– Meta-analysis of 38 studies on the effect of
classroom instruction on reading performance
– Clear result: systematic phonics were superior
to any other method
• On the whole, phonics-centered approach
(with carefully designed, motivating
materials) is best.
what approcah is best to learning languages
phonics approach
