Lecture 6: Ring Zuid / participation Flashcards
What are the main goals of the ring road project?
City and region better acessible
liveable environment
more traffic safety.
How did the governance look like?
steering committee and directors consultation: Rijkswaterstaat, province, municipality, wathc over progress, risk profile, administrative and political issues
Project manager: represents three partners, mandated to execute project
project management team: integral project management model
What kind of construct was the case with Ring ZUid?
It was Design and Construct.
What is the biggest change on the infrastructure network.
Less roundabouts and traffic lights but more free flow now.
stakeholder management how did it go @Ring Zuid project?
Environment had to be prepared. Cables had to be removed/replaced. Permits had to be gotten.
Communication
Traffic management
What did the stakeholder management focus on?
Impact of the reconstruction
Avoiding nuisance
Clear communication
Trade/off nuisance - time - money.
What were the most important stakeholders?
Government, city, province, central government
Local residents
Businesses
Hospitals
Educational institutions
Interest Groups
Hobbyists
How was the preparation of environment done
- Moving cables and pipes to make room
- Investigating the effects of the plan
- Tracé-besluit
- Construction permit
- Water permit
- Nature conservation permit
Name the three rounds of participatory planning in NL
1 Consultation
2 Collaborative planning (PPP)
3 Participatory budgetting
How did participation emerge?
Since 1960 since the civil rights movements. things were very top down. –> new left. social democracy. they wanted to channel unstructured protest movements in new parialmentory ways. After that:
Ideology of Dutch third report on national spatial planning ffrom 1972 - 1983. No more blue print planning but procedural and flexible plans with new facilities for participation and adjustments along the way.
What did participatory planning slowly lead to in planning?
it enabled citizens to critize and react to spatial proposals made by government agencies. This was later incorporated into formal planning procedures and legislation.
What characterizes the second round? around the 1970s
New Ideas about co-production and collaborative planning. New kind of entrepreuneurial style of planning. Local, regional and national governments wanted to collab with major stakeholders in business.
Explain how ‘seemingly’ succesful applications of collaborative planning lead to undemocratic decision-making in back rooms.
Government and old white powerful dudes would only invite specific parties to participate. In this way it was not democratic and not everyonbe could review things.
Explain characteristics of the third round.
People wanted to make their own projects. All kinds of initiatives from citizens. Backed up by governmental budgets. stimulated other examples of collective management of public neighborhood space.
Explain how the three forms of planning relate to the three forms of public administration.
Public administration is very about top down policies. So more about consultation. Presenting initiatives but it can kind of not be changed anymore.
New public management is about involing the market more. Collaborative planning is exactly that. Involving the market with the use of PPPs
Participatory budgetting is really related to new public governance. This is really about people making their own plan.
What is the current understanding of particapatory planning?
own specific resources of stakeholders.
Public value is mutually created
Diverse resources essential for effective decision-making, policy design and implementation
Government main task –> facilitating.
All from Willems et al. (2020)
Why even participation in the first place?
- Democratic and legal point of view: they have to. EU projects should tdo it
- More efficient and effective planning
- creates trust in government
- local knowledge
- increase acceptance of projects
- adressing societal needs
- resulting process policy project is more legit.
The context changing also leads to more people feeling the need to participate. How so?
Improved accessibility of information, individualization, increased empowerment, improved technical means
Position of planning within local, regional and national governments has weakened
–> Shift in relative power of actors involved in spatial planning practice.
–> Governments can’t act on their own anymore
What is the difference between environmental impacts and the social impacts, related to participation?
Environmental impacts only happen when the first sand or soil is turned. Social impact starts the momoent there is speculation. Can be a rumour that something might happen. People immediately form all sorts of opinions.
What is Phillipes definition of social protest?
Strategic forms of political action designed to influence decision making, potentially by influencing public opinion through the use of media or the internet.
Explain how protest is an opportunity for dialogue
Impacts are posted on social media. Companies and ogvernments can use such input as a valuable diaologue tool with impacted communities.
Explain the Participation ladder
up = citizen control, down is manipulation. the higher you go up, the more power the citizens have.
Match the correct parts of the participation ladder to the overall theme it is associated with.
Citizen power
8
7
6
Tokenism
5
4
3
nonparticipation
2
1
Choices: therapy, consultation, informing, manipulation, placation, citizen control, delegated power, partnership.
Citizen power
8 Citizen control
7 Delegated power
6 Partnership
Tokenism
5 Placation
4 Consultation
3 Informing
nonparticipation
2 Therapy
1 Manipulation
Why has public involvement not reached it highest level in participation yet within infrastructure planning?
Partly because of tight project scopes (time/money) but alsop strong national/regional interests that prevail above local interests.
Match the different involvement possibilities to the correct involvement level
Low involvement
Medium involvement
High involvement
Choices: Brochures in several moments in planning process, project broad discussion group, digital newsletter, information on local media, project webiste, neighbourhood information meetings, neighborhood specirfic workgroups, formal reaction several moments in planning process, information meetings/markets city broad
low involvement:
Brochures several moments
information local media
medium involvement:
project website
Information meetings
neighborhood information meetings
Digital newsletter
High involvement
Giving formal reaction at several moments in planning process
project broad discussion groups
neighborhood specific workgroups
Match the level of involvement to the correct level of satisfaction with being involved. according to Hamersma et al.
Low involvement
Medium involvement
High involvement
Choices: addressed concern, perceived access to preferred information, participation activities, (un)supportive other sources, Reduced concern, Governmental (dis)trust, participation activities, feeling heard
Low involvement: (un)supportive other sources
Governmental distrust
(un)adressed concern
Medium involvement: reduced concern, perceived access to preferred information
High involvement: feeling heard, perceived access to, participation activities.
What is satisfaction of participation based on?
Quality of involvement activities and other contextual factors like cultural aspects, historical events, personal factors.
Guidelines for good participation?
variety of communication and participation options
accessible
knowledgable on implications
good contact with key neighbourhood respresentatives
consistent message
explain why decisions are taken and why information cannot be provided - transparency
Sufficient space to take in people’s views.
Explain how local spatial governance system seemed an important conditioning factor?
projects for e.g. urban drainage can define narrower participation ambition but projects led for urban development defined borader participation goals and developed more voluntary instruments.
Willems et al. (2020) concludes on some important notes. Explain these.
Methods used to stimulate participation are based on preconditions of authorities. In this sense it’s still government controlled.
Public government seems not to be adaptive to initiatives that emerge from civil society itself. They often prefer collabing with formal institutional actors. –> not very democratic in public service delivery.
