Lecture 6: Overweight/ Obesity and Basic Nutrition Flashcards
BMI
- Body Mass Index
- Weight(kg) / Height (m)^2
Underweight
Having BMI of less than 18.5
Healthy weight
BMI between 18.5 and 24.9
Overweight
BMI between 25.0 and 29.9
Obese
BMI larger than 30.0
Stage 0
BMI 25-29.9kg/m^2 or over 30.0kg/m^2 + no obesity related complications
Stage 1
BMI greater than or equal to 25 and 1 or more mild or moderate obesity related complications
Stage 2
BMI greater than or equal to 25 and 1 or more severe obesity related complications
Exclusions to Self-care
- Severe obesity (BMI >40kg/m^2)
- Pregnant or breastfeeding
- < 18 yrs old or >65 yrs old
- Cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, or hypertension
- Eating disorders
Goals of Self Treatment
- Foster realistic weight loss and exercise goals
- Maintain a healthy weight
- Prevent further weight gain
Banned agents in drug product
- Aloe, cascara sagrada, ephedrine and related alkaloids, phenylpropanolamine
- Can be use inappropriately as laxatives or diuretics
Orlistat-Brand Name
Alli
Orlistat- Indication
-Meant for overweight adults in addition to a reduced-calorie, low-fat diet and exercise program
Orlistat- Dosing
60 mg by mouth TID (3 times a day) before meals containing fat
Orlistat- Contraindication
Cholestasis (reduction or stoppage of bile flow), chronic malabsorption syndrome, hypersensitivity, pregnancy
Chronic malabsorption syndrome- inability to absorb nutrients, vitamins, and minerals from the intestinal tract into the bloodstream
Orlistat- Precautions
Hepatotoxicity (Liver damage), increased rick of cholelithiasis, increased risk of urinary oxalate
oxalate levels are too high, the extra oxalate can combine with calcium to form kidney stones.
Orlistat- Drug Interactions
-Amiodarone, anticonvulsants, antiretrovirals, cyclosporine, fat-soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K), levothyroxine, warfarin
Orlistat- Mechanism of Action
Reversible gastrointestinal and pancreatic lipase inhibitor
Orlistat- Adverse Effects
Fecal urgency, flatus with discharge, increased defecation, oily spotting, steartorrhea
Basic Nutrition Guidelines
- Follow a healthy dietary pattern at every life stage.
- Customize and enjoy nutrient-dense food and beverage choices
- Focus on meeting food group needs with nutrient-dense food and beverages, and stay within calorie limits
- Limit foods and beverages higher in added sugars, saturated fat, and sodium, and limit alcoholic beverages.
Basic Nutrition Recommendations
- Focus on meeting food group needs with nutrient-dense food and beverages, and stay within calorie limits
- Includes ; fat-fee or low-fat dairy, fruits, gains, oils, protein foods, and vegetables
- Limit foods and beverages higher in added sugars, saturated fat and sodium, and limit alcoholic beverages
Dietary Principles
- Alcohol- 7 calories/gram
- Carbohydrates- 4 calories/ gram
- Fats- 9 calories/ gram
- Protein- 4 calories/gram
Physical Activity
150-300 minutes of moderate activity per week OR 75-150 minutes of vigorous activity per week
-Muscle strengthening activities involving major muscle groups should occur at least twice a week
Metabolic Syndrome
A cluster of conditions that increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes
