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PHRM 504 > Lecture 6: Overweight/ Obesity and Basic Nutrition > Flashcards

Lecture 6: Overweight/ Obesity and Basic Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

BMI

A
  • Body Mass Index

- Weight(kg) / Height (m)^2

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2
Q

Underweight

A

Having BMI of less than 18.5

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3
Q

Healthy weight

A

BMI between 18.5 and 24.9

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4
Q

Overweight

A

BMI between 25.0 and 29.9

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5
Q

Obese

A

BMI larger than 30.0

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6
Q

Stage 0

A

BMI 25-29.9kg/m^2 or over 30.0kg/m^2 + no obesity related complications

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7
Q

Stage 1

A

BMI greater than or equal to 25 and 1 or more mild or moderate obesity related complications

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8
Q

Stage 2

A

BMI greater than or equal to 25 and 1 or more severe obesity related complications

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9
Q

Exclusions to Self-care

A
  • Severe obesity (BMI >40kg/m^2)
  • Pregnant or breastfeeding
  • < 18 yrs old or >65 yrs old
  • Cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, or hypertension
  • Eating disorders
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10
Q

Goals of Self Treatment

A
  • Foster realistic weight loss and exercise goals
  • Maintain a healthy weight
  • Prevent further weight gain
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11
Q

Banned agents in drug product

A
  • Aloe, cascara sagrada, ephedrine and related alkaloids, phenylpropanolamine
  • Can be use inappropriately as laxatives or diuretics
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12
Q

Orlistat-Brand Name

A

Alli

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13
Q

Orlistat- Indication

A

-Meant for overweight adults in addition to a reduced-calorie, low-fat diet and exercise program

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14
Q

Orlistat- Dosing

A

60 mg by mouth TID (3 times a day) before meals containing fat

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15
Q

Orlistat- Contraindication

A

Cholestasis (reduction or stoppage of bile flow), chronic malabsorption syndrome, hypersensitivity, pregnancy

Chronic malabsorption syndrome- inability to absorb nutrients, vitamins, and minerals from the intestinal tract into the bloodstream

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16
Q

Orlistat- Precautions

A

Hepatotoxicity (Liver damage), increased rick of cholelithiasis, increased risk of urinary oxalate

oxalate levels are too high, the extra oxalate can combine with calcium to form kidney stones.

17
Q

Orlistat- Drug Interactions

A

-Amiodarone, anticonvulsants, antiretrovirals, cyclosporine, fat-soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K), levothyroxine, warfarin

18
Q

Orlistat- Mechanism of Action

A

Reversible gastrointestinal and pancreatic lipase inhibitor

19
Q

Orlistat- Adverse Effects

A

Fecal urgency, flatus with discharge, increased defecation, oily spotting, steartorrhea

20
Q

Basic Nutrition Guidelines

A
  1. Follow a healthy dietary pattern at every life stage.
  2. Customize and enjoy nutrient-dense food and beverage choices
  3. Focus on meeting food group needs with nutrient-dense food and beverages, and stay within calorie limits
  4. Limit foods and beverages higher in added sugars, saturated fat, and sodium, and limit alcoholic beverages.
21
Q

Basic Nutrition Recommendations

A
  • Focus on meeting food group needs with nutrient-dense food and beverages, and stay within calorie limits
  • Includes ; fat-fee or low-fat dairy, fruits, gains, oils, protein foods, and vegetables
  • Limit foods and beverages higher in added sugars, saturated fat and sodium, and limit alcoholic beverages
22
Q

Dietary Principles

A
  • Alcohol- 7 calories/gram
  • Carbohydrates- 4 calories/ gram
  • Fats- 9 calories/ gram
  • Protein- 4 calories/gram
23
Q

Physical Activity

A

150-300 minutes of moderate activity per week OR 75-150 minutes of vigorous activity per week
-Muscle strengthening activities involving major muscle groups should occur at least twice a week

24
Q

Metabolic Syndrome

A

A cluster of conditions that increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes

25
Q

Waist circumference

A

increased risk associated with central fat around the waist and deep visceral adipose surrounding internal organs
Men above 40 inches
Women above 35 inches

26
Q

BMI Physiology

A

Energy intake + energy expenditure = weight maintenance

27
Q

What factors influence weight gain?

A
  • Control of Food intake
  • Sleep
  • Genetics
  • Medications
28
Q

Pharmalogic Therapy Methods

A
  1. Nonprescription therapy, Prescription therapy
  2. Healthy Lifestyle: Diet and Exercise
  3. bariatric surgery

PHRM 504 (22 decks)

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