Lecture 6: Overweight/ Obesity and Basic Nutrition Flashcards
BMI
- Body Mass Index
- Weight(kg) / Height (m)^2
Underweight
Having BMI of less than 18.5
Healthy weight
BMI between 18.5 and 24.9
Overweight
BMI between 25.0 and 29.9
Obese
BMI larger than 30.0
Stage 0
BMI 25-29.9kg/m^2 or over 30.0kg/m^2 + no obesity related complications
Stage 1
BMI greater than or equal to 25 and 1 or more mild or moderate obesity related complications
Stage 2
BMI greater than or equal to 25 and 1 or more severe obesity related complications
Exclusions to Self-care
- Severe obesity (BMI >40kg/m^2)
- Pregnant or breastfeeding
- < 18 yrs old or >65 yrs old
- Cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, or hypertension
- Eating disorders
Goals of Self Treatment
- Foster realistic weight loss and exercise goals
- Maintain a healthy weight
- Prevent further weight gain
Banned agents in drug product
- Aloe, cascara sagrada, ephedrine and related alkaloids, phenylpropanolamine
- Can be use inappropriately as laxatives or diuretics
Orlistat-Brand Name
Alli
Orlistat- Indication
-Meant for overweight adults in addition to a reduced-calorie, low-fat diet and exercise program
Orlistat- Dosing
60 mg by mouth TID (3 times a day) before meals containing fat
Orlistat- Contraindication
Cholestasis (reduction or stoppage of bile flow), chronic malabsorption syndrome, hypersensitivity, pregnancy
Chronic malabsorption syndrome- inability to absorb nutrients, vitamins, and minerals from the intestinal tract into the bloodstream
Orlistat- Precautions
Hepatotoxicity (Liver damage), increased rick of cholelithiasis, increased risk of urinary oxalate
oxalate levels are too high, the extra oxalate can combine with calcium to form kidney stones.
Orlistat- Drug Interactions
-Amiodarone, anticonvulsants, antiretrovirals, cyclosporine, fat-soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K), levothyroxine, warfarin
Orlistat- Mechanism of Action
Reversible gastrointestinal and pancreatic lipase inhibitor
Orlistat- Adverse Effects
Fecal urgency, flatus with discharge, increased defecation, oily spotting, steartorrhea
Basic Nutrition Guidelines
- Follow a healthy dietary pattern at every life stage.
- Customize and enjoy nutrient-dense food and beverage choices
- Focus on meeting food group needs with nutrient-dense food and beverages, and stay within calorie limits
- Limit foods and beverages higher in added sugars, saturated fat, and sodium, and limit alcoholic beverages.
Basic Nutrition Recommendations
- Focus on meeting food group needs with nutrient-dense food and beverages, and stay within calorie limits
- Includes ; fat-fee or low-fat dairy, fruits, gains, oils, protein foods, and vegetables
- Limit foods and beverages higher in added sugars, saturated fat and sodium, and limit alcoholic beverages
Dietary Principles
- Alcohol- 7 calories/gram
- Carbohydrates- 4 calories/ gram
- Fats- 9 calories/ gram
- Protein- 4 calories/gram
Physical Activity
150-300 minutes of moderate activity per week OR 75-150 minutes of vigorous activity per week
-Muscle strengthening activities involving major muscle groups should occur at least twice a week
Metabolic Syndrome
A cluster of conditions that increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes
Waist circumference
increased risk associated with central fat around the waist and deep visceral adipose surrounding internal organs
Men above 40 inches
Women above 35 inches
BMI Physiology
Energy intake + energy expenditure = weight maintenance
What factors influence weight gain?
- Control of Food intake
- Sleep
- Genetics
- Medications
Pharmalogic Therapy Methods
- Nonprescription therapy, Prescription therapy
- Healthy Lifestyle: Diet and Exercise
- bariatric surgery
