Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PHRM 504 > Lecture 4: Headache, Fever and Pain II > Flashcards

Lecture 4: Headache, Fever and Pain II Flashcards

1
Q

Primary headache

A
  • Not associated w an underlying illness

- Migraine, Sinus and Tension-Type headache

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Migraine

A
  • Complex interaction of neuronal and vascular factors
  • Dysfunction of the trigeminovascular system
  • Sudden throbbing/ pulsating pain
  • Lasts hours to 3 days
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sinus

A

Infection or blockage of the paranasal sinuses

  • Dull bilateral pain, pressure behind eyes/ face
  • with sinus symptoms
  • Last days
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Tension-Type headache

A
  • Underlying cause uncertain
  • Episodic vs chronic
  • Gradual pain
  • Headache, neck pain, tight pressure
  • Lasts minutes to days
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Headache: Exclusions to Self Care

A

§ Severe head pain
§ Rapid onset of maximum pain
§ Concerning change in headache pattern
§ First or worst headache
§ Gradual escalation over months
§ Headache that persists for 10 days (+/- treatment)
§ High fever/signs of infection, neck stiffness, neurologic changes
§ Last trimester of pregnancy
§ New headache during pregnancy
§ Age <8 years
§ History of liver disease or consumption of ≥3 alcoholic drinks/day
§ Secondary headache (except for minor sinus headache)
§ Migraine without formal diagnosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Tension Type Headaches: Non Pharmacologic Therapy

A
  • Physical Therapy

- Relaxation exercises

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Migraine Headache: Non Pharmacologic Therapy

A
  • Ice packs combined with pressure
  • Regular eating, exercise and sleeping schedules
  • Stress management
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sinus Headache: Pharmacologic Therapy

A
  • Acetaminophen, NSAIDS, Aspirin

- Nonprescription analgesics combined with decongestants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Migraine Headache: Pharmacologic therapy

A
  • Medical diagnosis required prior to self care
  • NSAIDS, Aspirin
  • Nonprescription analgesics taken at headache onset
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Episodic Tension Headache: Pharmacologic Therapy

A
  • Acetaminophen, NSAIDS, aspirin

- Nonprescription analgesics taken at headache onset

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Fever

A
  • Regulated rise in body temperature in response to a pyrogen
  • Most are self-limiting and nonthreatening
  • Temperature greater than 100 F
  • Caused by response to medication, vigorous activity, infection and pathology
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Fever: Exclusions to Self-Care

A

> 3 mths w rectal temp > or equal too 104 F

  • < 3 mths w rectal temp > or equal to 100.4 F
  • Older than 2 yrs w fever that last longer than 3 days
  • Younger than 2 yrs old w fever that last longer than 24 hours
  • Children who develop spots or rash, refuse to drink fluids or are vomiting and cannot keep down fluids, are very sleepy/ hard to wake, repeated diarrhea, history of seizures, stiff neck
  • Fever that repeatedly rises above 104 oF (40 oC)
  • Severe symptoms of infection that are not self-limiting
  • Risk for hyperthermia
  • Impaired oxygen utilization
  • Impaired immune function
  • Central nervous system (CNS) damage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Goals of Self-treatment

A
  • Alleviate discomfort
    Adequate hydration
    Non-Pharm- Children increase intake by 30-60mL per hour
    -Adult increase intake by 60-120mL per hour
  • removing clothes and light blanket

Pharm- Nonprescription antipyretics
§ Acetaminophen, NSAIDs, aspirin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Musculoskeletal Pain

A
  • Pain in bones, connective tissues, joints and muscles

Complaints result in increased use of health care system, lost
work days, other limitations, and loss of employment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Musculoskeletal Pain: Exclusions to Self Care

A

§ Severe pain (pain score >6)
§ Pain that lasts >10 days
§ Pain that continues >7 days after treatment with a topical analgesic
§ Increased intensity or change in character of pain
§ Pelvic or abdominal pain (other than dysmenorrhea)
§ Accompanying nausea, vomiting, fever, or other signs of systemic
infection or disorder
§ Visually deformed joint, abnormal movement, weakness in any limb,
numbness, or suspected fracture
§ Pregnancy
§ <2 years of age
§ Back pain and loss of bowel and/or bladder control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Musculoskeletal Pain: Non Pharmacologic Therapy

A

§Prevention
§ Adequate hydration, appropriate footwear, stretching/warming up

- RICE therapy
Rest area until pain reduced
Ice for 15-20 mins 3-4 times/day
Compression with elastic support
Elevate for 2-3 hours
  • Heat therapy apply for 15-20 mins, 3-4 times per day
  • Proper posture and ergonic controls
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Musculoskeletal Pain: Goals of Self treatment

A
  1. Decrease subjective intensity/severity of pain
  2. Decrease duration of pain
  3. Restore function of affected area
  4. Prevent re-injury and disability
  5. Prevent acute pain from becoming chronic persistent pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Secondary Headache

A

§ Symptoms of an underlying condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Migraine Symptoms

A

Headache, Nausea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Migraine Characteristics

A

Throbbing/pulsating,
may be preceded by
aura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Migraine Onset

A

Sudden

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Migraine Location

A

Usually unilateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Migraine Duration

A

Hours to three days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Sinus Symptoms

A

Headache,

nasal congestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Sinus Characteristics

A

Dull bilateral pain,
pressure behind
eyes/face

26
Q

Sinus Onset

A

With sinus symptoms

27
Q

Sinus Location

A

Face, forehead,

periorbital area

28
Q

Sinus Duration

A

Days

29
Q

Tension-Type Symptoms

A

Headache, neck pain,

scalp tenderness

30
Q

Tension-Type Characteristics

A

Diffuse ache, tight
pressure, constricting
pain

31
Q

Tension-Type Onset

A

Gradual

32
Q

Tension-Type Location

A

Bilateral, top of head

to base of skull

33
Q

Tension-Type Duration

A

Minutes to days

34
Q

Headache: Goals of Self-Treatment

A
  1. Reduce severity and alleviate acute pain
  2. Restore normal functioning
  3. Prevent relapse
  4. Minimize adverse effects
  5. Reduce frequency of chronic headaches
35
Q

Headache: Patient Education

A

§ Take appropriate analgesic dose early in course of headache
§ Trigger avoidance

36
Q

Headache: Evaluation of Patient Outcomes

A

§ Follow-up depends on frequency and severity

§ Refer if persists >10 days or worsens

37
Q

Fever: Pathophysiology

A
  • Defined as core temperature greater than 100 oF (37.8 oC)
  • Increases in thermoregulatory “set point” may be
  • Idiopathic
38
Q

Fever may be caused by:

A

§ Infection
§ Pathology
§ Response to medication
§ Vigorous activity

39
Q

Fever: Complications

A

Major risks are rare, but may include:
§ Dehydration
§ Mental status changes
§ Seizures

40
Q

Fever: Clinical Presentation

A 
§Symptoms are often nonspecific
§ Most important sign is elevated temperature
§ Associated signs/symptoms
§ Anorexia
§ Arthralgia
§ Chills
§ Diaphoresis
§ Generalized malaise
§ Headache
§ Irritability
§ Myalgia
§ Tachycardia
41
Q

Fever: Detection

A 
Considerations
§ Age
§ Anatomical site
§ Environmental temperature
§ Level of physical/emotional stress
§ Time of day
Routes
§ Axillary
§ Oral
§ Rectal
§ Temporal
§ Tympanic
42
Q

Fever: Patient Education

A

§ Treatment should focus on primary cause
§ Take temperature with an appropriate thermometer
§ Pharmacologic therapy may take up to 1 day to result in a core
temperature decrease
§ Alternating antipyretics is not recommended

43
Q

Fever: Evaluation of Outcomes

A

§ Monitor temperature and discomfort

§ Refer if persists >3 days (>24 hours if <2 years)

44
Q

Musculoskeletal Pain Acute

A

§ Pain lasting <4 weeks

§ Examples: exacerbation of a condition, sports injuries

45
Q

Musculoskeletal Pain Chronic

A

§ Pain lasting at least 3 months

§ Examples: carpal tunnel, degenerative joint disease, osteoarthritis

46
Q

Myalgia Symptoms

A

Pain, muscle
weakness/fatigue,
possible edema

47
Q

Myalgia Characteristics

A

Dull, constant ache

48
Q

Myalgia Onset

A

Varies depending on

cause

49
Q

Myalgia Location

A

Muscles

50
Q

Osteoarthritis Symptoms

A

Localized pain, joint

stiffness, possible edema

51
Q

Osteoarthritis Characteristics

A

Dull joint pain

52
Q

Osteoarthritis Onset

A

Development over years

53
Q

Osteoarthritis Location

A

Weight-bearing joints

54
Q

Sprain/Strain Symptoms

A

Pain, tenderness, loss of

function, edema, bruising

55
Q

Sprain/Strain Characteristics

A

Initial severe pain,
continued pain especially
with use

56
Q

Sprain/Strain Onset

A

Acute with injury

57
Q

Sprain/Strain Location

A

Ligaments/tendons

58
Q

Musculoskeletal Pain: Pharmacologic Therapy

A 
§Initial treatment
§ Systemic nonprescription analgesics
§ Acetaminophen, NSAIDs
§Adjunct therapy
§ Topical analgesics
59
Q

Musculoskeletal Pain Patient Education

A

§ Early analgesic administration recommended for acute pain

§ Preventative measures

60
Q

Musculoskeletal Pain Evaluation of Outcomes

A

§ Patient’s perception of pain relief

§ Refer if persists >10 days or worsens/changes

PHRM 504 (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions