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PHRM 504 > Lecture 3: Headache, Fever and Pain I > Flashcards

Lecture 3: Headache, Fever and Pain I Flashcards

1
Q

Acetaminophen Brand Names

A

FeverAll, Tylenol

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2
Q

AC- Mechanism of Action

A

Inhibition of Prostaglandin synthesis

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3
Q

AC- Pharmacokinetics

A

Onset- 30 mins

Duration- 4 hours ( 6-8 hrs if its ER)

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4
Q

AC- Boxed Warnings

Precautions

A 
Hepatotoxicity potential (liver damage)
Bc of this risks, you shouldn't take if patient has hepatic dysfunction or alcohol use
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5
Q

AC- Contraindications

A

Active severe hepatic disease, hypersensitivity

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6
Q

AC- Adverse Effects

A

Rashes

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7
Q

AC- Drug interactions

A

Alcohol, other acetaminophen containing products and warfarin ( blood thinners)

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8
Q

AC- Dosing

A

Pediatrics: Tablets ( 80mg or 160mg), Suspension (160mg/ 5mL)

  • 10-15mg/ kg by mouth every 4-6 hours
  • MDD- 480 per dose up to 5 doses. No more than 2400 total

Adults: Regular Strength: 325mg Extra strength: 500mg

  • 325-1000mg by mouth every 4-6 hrs (6-8hrs for ER)
  • MDD: 4000mg
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9
Q

AC- Special Populations

A

Safe for pregnancy and breast feeding

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10
Q

NSAIDS

A

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

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11
Q

NSAIDS: Brand Name for
Ibuprofen
Naproxen

A
  • Advil, Motrin

- Aleve

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12
Q

NSAIDS- Mechanism of Action

A

Central and peripheral inhibition of COX -> inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis

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13
Q

NSAIDS- Pharmacokinetics

A

Onset- 30 mins

Duration- 6-8 hrs for Ibuprofen. 12 hrs for Naproxen

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14
Q

NSAIDS- Boxed Warnings

A

Gastrointestinal bleeding, Blood clots, Heart attack

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15
Q

NSAIDS- Contraindications

A

Allergic- type reaction after NSAID use, hypersensitivity,

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16
Q

NSAIDS- Precautions

A

Known or risk factor for cardiovascular disease, gastrointestinal complications or renal dysfunction

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17
Q

NSAIDS- Adverse Effects

A

Anorexia, dyspepsia, epigastric pain, heartburn, nausea

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18
Q

NSAIDS- Drug Interactions

A

Anticoagulants, antihypertensives, aspirin, nephrotoxic agent

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19
Q

Ibuprofen Dosing

A

Pediatrics: Chewable Tablets (100 mg), Concentrated Drops (50 mg/1.25 mL), Suspension (100 mg/5 mL)

  • 5-10 mg/kg by mouth every 6-8 hours
  • MDD: 300 mg per dose up to 4 doses or 1200 mg total

Adults : Regular Strength (200 mg)

  • 200-400 mg by mouth every 4-6 hours as needed
  • MDD: 1200 mg
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20
Q

Ibuprofen Special Populations

A
  • Avoided in Pregnancy, contradicted in third trimester

- Compatible with breastfeeding

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21
Q

Naproxen Dosing

A

Pediatrics: Not recommended

Adults: Regular Strength (220 mg)

  • 220 mg by mouth every 8-12 hours as needed
  • MDD: 660 mg

For >65 yrs old, take 220mg every 12 hrs,
-MDD 440mg

22
Q

Naproxen Special Populations

A
  • Avoided in pregnancy, contradicted in third trimester

- Not compatible with breastfeeding

23
Q

Aspirin Brand Names

A

Bayer, Ecotrin, St. Joseph, etc.

24
Q

Aspirin Mechanism of Action

A

Irreversible inhibition of Cox-> inhibition of prostaglandins

25
Q

Aspirin Pharmacokinetics

A

Onset: 1-2 hours
Durations: 4-6 hrs

26
Q

Aspirin Contraindications

A

Hypersensitivity

27
Q

Aspirin Precautions

A

Bleeding disorders, history of gout,

28
Q

Aspirin Adverse Effects

A

Abdominal Pain, dyspepsia, heartburn, nausea, vomiting

29
Q

Aspirin Drug Interactions

A

Alcohol, antihypertensives, NSAIDS, nephrotoxic agents, warfarin

30
Q

Aspirin Dosing

A

Pediatrics : Avoid in children and teenagers: Risk of Reye’s syndrome

Adults: Low Dose (81mg), Regular Strength (325mg), Extra Strength (500mg)

  • 325-1000mg by mouth every 4-6 hours
  • MDD: 4000 mg
31
Q

Aspirin Special Populations

A

Not recommended in pregnancy and breastfeeding

32
Q

Topical Products

A

Indicated for treatment of minor-moderate joint/ muscle aches and pains
- Recommended as adjunct therapy

33
Q

Anesthetics (Lidocaine)

A
  • Inhibits conduction of nerve impulses
  • Apply topically to affected area every 6-8 hours as needed for up to 7 days
  • Maximum of 3 applications in 24 hours
34
Q

Counterirritants

A

Produce mild, local inflammatory reaction

  • Less severe pain to counter a more intense one
  • Apply topically to affected area no more than 3-4 times a day up to 7 days
35
Q

NSAIDS-Topical product

A
  • Inhibit prostaglandins to reduce pain and inflammation.
  • Apply topically to affected area 4 times daily
  • Adverse effects: Mild skin irritation
36
Q

Aspirin- Patient Education

A
  • May be taken with food to minimize dyspepsia
  • Discontinue 48 hours prior to surgery
  • Stop 3 days before fecal blood test bc taking this drug may produce positive results
37
Q

NSAIDS- Patient Education

A
  • May be taken with food, milk, or antacids if upset stomach occurs
38
Q

Counterirritants: Agents may include

A
  • histamine dihydrochloride
  • capsaicin
  • methyl salicylate
  • camphor, menthol
39
Q

Histamine dihydrochloride

A

Cause vasodilation

40
Q

Capsaicin

A

Incite irritation

41
Q

Methyl salicylate

A

Increase blood flow

42
Q

Camphor, menthol)

A

Produce cooling sensation

43
Q

Counterirritants Directions

A
  • Apply topically to affected area no more than 3-4 times a day up to 7 days
44
Q

Counterirritants: Adverse Effects

A
  • All: Skin irritation/rash

- Capsaicin: cough, runny nose, sneezing

45
Q

NSAIDs ((Voltaren Gel® - diclofenac)

A
  • Apply topically to affected area 4 times daily

- Use dosing care to measure dose

46
Q

NSAIDs ((Voltaren Gel® - diclofenac) Adverse Effects

A

§ Mild skin irritation

47
Q

Other factors associated with NSAIDs possible, although less likely

A

§ Adverse effects
§ Contraindications
§ Drug interactions
§ Precautions

48
Q

Topical Products-Patient Education

A

Do not bandage area/apply heat where product applied

  • Do not apply to wounded, damaged, broken, or irritated skin
  • Wash hands after application
49
Q

Aspirin for Heart Health?

A
  • In the past, many used low-dose aspirin
    daily to prevent and treat cardiovascular
    disease (CVD)
  • New evidence shows marginal benefits for
    primary prevention of CVD
  • Risks of bleeding are high
50
Q

Many analgesics are combined with…

A 
§ Antihistamines
§ Caffeine
§ Decongestants
§ Other analgesics
§ Prescription medications

PHRM 504 (22 decks)

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