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Oral Microbiology > Lecture 6 - Herpes > Flashcards

Lecture 6 - Herpes Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

T or F, Human Herpesviruses (HHV) 1-8 are a large group of fragile, non-enveloped viruses which remain latent in the individual throughout life

A

False, Enveloped viruses

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2
Q

How is HHV spread?

A

Through mucosal-mucosal contact with the exception of Varicella/Zoster that is spread by respiratory droplet to lung mucosa

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3
Q

HHV:

  1. Enveloped or Non-enveloped
  2. dsRNA, dsDNA, ssRNA, ssDNA
  3. Site of assembly
  4. Duration of infection
  5. Relapses common or uncommon
  6. Treatment
A
  1. Enveloped (fragile)
  2. Large dsDNA genome
  3. Replicate and assemble in nucleus (unique)
    - Fully assembled before they reach cytoplasmic membrane
  4. All infections life-long (latency)
  5. Multiple relapses common
  6. Antiviral therapies available (acyclovir)
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4
Q

HHV-1 common name and prevalence percentage

A

Herpes simplex virus - 1

67% infected

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5
Q

HHV-2 common name and prevalence precentage

A

Herpes simplex virus - 2

15%

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6
Q

HHV-3 common name and prevalence percentage

A

Varicella-Zoster virus
<100%
- Respiratory droplets

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7
Q

HHV-4 common name and prevalence percentage

A

Epstein-Barr Virus

75%

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8
Q

HHV-5 common name and prevalence percentage

A

Cytomegalovirus

50%

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9
Q

HHV-6 common name and prevalence percentage

A

No common name

100%

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10
Q

HHV-7 common name and prevalence percentage

A

No common name

100%

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11
Q

HHv-8 common name and prevalence percentage

A

Kaposi’s Sarcoma virus

10%

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12
Q

What is the initial cell infected by HHV

A

mucosal epithelium

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13
Q

How does the initial HHV infection spread?

A

Initial infection results in the release of many viral particles that spread via the blood (viremia) to other cells and organs

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14
Q

Is there danger during pregnancy with HHV?

A

If pregnant the viremia stage can be of significant danger to the fetus on first exposure

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15
Q

When does HHV acquire the envelope and spikes?

A

Before they reach the cytoplasmic outer membrane

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16
Q

Recurrences of HHV are common for which? HSV-1 or VZV?

A

HSV-1 recurrences is more common

17
Q

What allows recurrences in HSV-1 and VZV to become more frequent?

A

Immune suppression… So stay heathy!

18
Q

What HHV is the most common cause of viral encephalitis in the USA?

A

HSV-1

19
Q

What is the leading infectious cause of blindness in the USA and a common reason for corneal transplantation

A

HSV-1 keratitis

20
Q

Herpes genitalis infection increases the risk of acquiring HIV during sexual intercourse by how much…?

A

2 to 4 Fold

21
Q

Is there a vaccine for HSV-1 and 2?

A

No they are urgently needed

22
Q

What are the most common consequences of first and second lesions in HSV-1

A

Gingivostomatitis

Herpes Labialis

23
Q

Which HHV most often occurs via oral-oral contact as a child?

A

HSV-1

24
Q

T or F, For HSV-2, mucoepithelium is initially infected, while sensory ganglia are latently infected

A

True

25
Q

Varicella-Zoster causes two seemingly different pathologies?

A

Chickenpox in first infection

Shingles in second infection, reactiviation infections

26
Q

Is there a vaccine available for VZV

A

Yes came in 1996

27
Q

Where is the VZV latent?

A

In Ganglion

28
Q

What does the VZV virus infect?

A

infects Lung mucosal epithelium, followed by the local lymph nodes. It then enters the blood stream where it infects the skin epithelial cells (rash and papules appear).

29
Q

What systemic disease can someone who is immunosuppressed and contracts VZV?

A

Systemic disease - Pneumonia

30
Q

Treatment for immunosuppressed that gets VZV

A

Include anti-VZV antibody and the anti-viral acyclovir

31
Q

Epstein Barr Virus causes what two major diseases?

A 
Infectious mononucleosis (most common)
Burkitt's lymphoma
32
Q

Epstein Barr virus is usually spread via?

A

Saliva - few virus particles in saliva so it takes a lot of saliva exchange to become infected, Sometimes called “kissing disease”

33
Q

T or F, EBV was first human virus clearly related to a malignancy

A

True, Also associated with malaria

34
Q

EBV infections in immunosuppressed patients in the USA and the rest of the world are often associated with what?

A

Hairy leukoplakia

and sometimes nasopharyngeal cancers

35
Q

T or F, Cytomegalovirus when infecting small children, experience no symptoms or known pathologies

A

True

36
Q

Why is Cytomegalovirus dangerous to a pregnant mom

A

Because of lack of neutralizing Ab, she has a good chance of passing the virus to her fetus. CMV is the most important virus transmitted to a pregnant woman’s fetus, with a significant number of these infected babies developing permanent disabilities.

37
Q

Is there a vaccine in CMV?

A

No, too many strains

38
Q

Does Acyclovir work on CMV?

A

No

39
Q

What is the most common cause of intrauterine infections, and of congenital abnormalities in the USA?

A

CMV

Oral Microbiology (12 decks)

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