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Oral Microbiology > Lecture 4 - Normal Oral Flora > Flashcards

Lecture 4 - Normal Oral Flora Flashcards

1
Q

T or F, There are few true obligate aerobes in the mouth

A

True

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2
Q

The vast majority of bacteria in the mouth are one of what 3 things?

A
  1. Facultative
  2. Microaerophilic
  3. Anaerobic
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3
Q

Supragingival plaque biofilm is primarily made of what types of bacteria?

A

Facultative and microaerophilic bacteria

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4
Q

What types of bacteria make up most of the subgingival plaque biofilm

A

facultative and anaerobic bacteria

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5
Q

Deep perio-pockets yield very high concentrations of what kind of bacteria?

A

Strict anaerobes

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6
Q

What 3 supragingival plaque biofilm bacteria cause dental caries?

A
  1. Strep. mutans
  2. Lactobacillus sp.,
  3. Actinomyces sp.
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7
Q

What types of subgingival, plaque biofilm bacteria cause periodontal disease and endodontic infections?

A

Gram negative, facultative & anaerobic rods

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8
Q

T or F, Only gram-positive bacteria are associated with Gingivitis?

A

False, Gingivitis is generally caused by a ‘simple’ overgrowth of plaque biofilm, and thus both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria are associated with it

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9
Q

Describe streptococcus (6)

A
  1. Viridans group and species
  2. Mostly alpha-hemolytic = produce green coloring on blood agar
  3. Facultative
  4. Produce ECM
  5. Sugar-substrate = Saccarolytic
  6. Many tolerate low pH well
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10
Q

Name the “good” G+ cocci and “bad” G+ cocci?

A

Good: S. anginosis, S. mitis, S. salivarius
Bad: S. mutans

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11
Q

S. mutans are found mainly where?

A

in Plaque

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12
Q

S. mutans:

A
  1. Mainly found in plaque
  2. Produces insoluble polysaccharides
  3. grows well at low pH
  4. produces large amounts of lactic acid (dental caries)
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13
Q

What two groups of S. mutans are found in humans?

A

S. mutans and S. sobrinus

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14
Q

Which G+ cocci is found in plaque, mucosa, and respiratory tract, a common cause of purulent (= pus-forming) disease

A

S. angionosis

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15
Q

Which two G+ cocci are sworn enemies and why?

A

S. mutans and S. mitis.
- They both secrete products that the other group doesn’t like. Usually, when one is in high concentration, the other will be at low concentrations.

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16
Q

Which G+ cocci is a pioneer species on teeth?

A

S. mitis

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17
Q

S. mitis:

A
  1. Pioneer species on teeth

2. Makes insoluble and soluble polylsaccharides

18
Q

Most important species of S. mitis group

A

S. sanguinis (remember, pioneer species of teeth)

19
Q

Which G+ cocci colonizes much of the mucosal surface, especially tongue, major source of bacteria in saliva, and generally considered a “good guy”

A

S. salivarius

20
Q

Which species is most important in S. salivarius?

A

S. salivarius

21
Q

Enterococcus:

A
  1. Opportunist infections
  2. Able to survive harsh environments (significant nosocomial problem)
  3. Facultative
22
Q

What bacteria is commonly implicated in endodontic root canal failures and persistent infections?

A

E. faecalis

23
Q

Two important groups of G+ rods

A

Actinomyces, Lactobacillus

24
Q

Actinomyces:

A
  1. Forms major portion of plaque flora
  2. Increases with gingivitis
  3. Associated with root caries
  4. Produces ECM
  5. Sugar-substrate
  6. Tolerates low pH
25
Q

Important species of Actinomyces

A

A. israelii

26
Q

Lactobacillus acidophilus:

A
  1. increased numbers correlate well with a high-sugar, ‘cariogenic’ diet
  2. dentin caries
27
Q

Which bacteria is associated with root caries?

A

Actinomyces

28
Q

2 common oral G- Cocci

A

Neisseria

Veillonella alcalescens

29
Q

Which G- Cocci can metabolize lactic acid?

A

Both Neisseria and Veillonella

30
Q

What G- rod bacteria is associated with aggressive periodontitis in juveniles (teenagers)?

A

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans

31
Q

Fusobacterium nucleatum:

A

Very long thin rod that many other bacteria attach to.

Associated with periodontitis

32
Q

Name common G- Rods that are associated with periodontitis:

A
  1. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
  2. Fusobacterium nucleatum
  3. Bacteroides
  4. Tannerella
  5. Porphyromonas
  6. Prevotella
33
Q

Tannerella:

A
  1. Associated with aggressive periodontal infections

2. Forms Red Complex with P. gingivalis and T. denticola

34
Q

What 3 bacteria make up red complex

A

Tannerella
P. gingivalis
T. denticola

35
Q

Important species of Tannerella

A

T. forsythensis

36
Q

Porphyromonas:

A
  1. Asaccharolytic - protein-substrate (do not ferment carbohydrates - no acid produced)
37
Q

Important Porphyromonas species

A

P. gingivalis

38
Q

Prevotella:

A

Saccharolytic (can ferment carbs)

39
Q

Important Prevotella species

A

P. intermedia

40
Q

Spirochete group and species

A

Treponema

T. denticola (Asaccharolytic)

Oral Microbiology (12 decks)

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