Lecture 6 - Fetal Brain Flashcards
CNS comes from what layer of gastrulation
ectoderm
describe neurulation
process by which the notochord (of mesoderm) stimulates ecoderm to create brain/spinal cord
order in which neural tube forms
forms from ectoderm: neural tube neural groove neural fold neural tube
neural tube ends are called
anterior/posterior neuropore
lack of closure of neural tube can result in (2)
spina bifida
anencephaly
forebrain (pro) consists of (2)
diencephalon
cerebrum
midbrain (mes) consists of (1)
part of brainstem
hindbrain (rhomb) consists of (2)
brainstem (pons, M.O)
cerebellum
what weeks are a 2nd trimester scan?
18-22 week
In 1st trimester, what is the order of visualization of fetal brain structures? (3)
from posterior to midline:
rhomb (hindbrain)
cerebellum
diencephalon
what does the rhomb (hindbrain)
cystic structure
what are the 3 main views of the sono fetal brain in 2nd trimester?
transventricular
transthalamic
transcerebellar
CSF circulation pathway
lateral ventricles IVF munroe 3rd vent Aqueduct midbrain/sylv 4th vent --> 3 openings 2x foramen luscka and 1x magendle Subarachnoid space
Lateral ventricle regions
frontal/anterior horn
occipital/post horn
body/atrium
temporal horn
what is the atrium
base of the posterior/occip horn where it meets the temporal horn
what is between the thalami
interthalmic adnesion
where is the 4th ventricle
between the pons/MO and cerebellum
what do you measure in the transventricular ?
anterior horn (between) posterior horn (within at level of atrium)
what should the posterior horn measure
<10 mm
what should be visualized in the transthalamic view (4)
falx cerebri
cavum septum pellucidum
thalamus
shape of head
brachycephaly
large BPD
dolichocephali
large OFD
at what level do you measure BPD, HC, OFD?
transthalamic
what can be visualized in the transcerebellar view? (4)
all structures in transthal (falx cerebri, thalamus, CSP) PLUS
cerebellum
cisterna magna
nuchal fold
what connects the L&R side of corpus callosum
vermis
what do you see in midsag? (4)
CSP
3rd
4th
corpus callosum
you can see the copus callosum in (2)
midsag
transcerebellar
corpus callosum order of development structures (4)
develops A-P rostrum genu body splenium
calvarium is what? consits of? (3)
skull cap
all cranial bones except temporal
