Lecture 2A - Repro Anat Flashcards
The endometrial cycle is divided into what two phases
Proliferative/follicular phase
Secretory/Luteal phase
Estrogen initiates what phase
Proliferative/follicular
Progesterone initiates what phase
Secretory/Luteal phase
Purpose of the proliferative phase
thickening of functional layer of endo
Purpose of secretory phase
Inc vascularity
Prep for implantation
Menses is in response to
Decrease in estro and progest
What stimulates formation of new layer of endo
Estrogen
At late proliferative phase endo measures up to ____mm
11 mm
When is the endo trilaminar
At late proliferative
What hormones helps prepare the endo to accept the blastocyst
Progesterone (mostly)
Estrogen
The endometrium is hyper/hypoechoic at secretory phase
hyperechoic
Explain how non-fertilization leads to menses
No pregnancy = no hCG
Corpus luteum degenerates
Prog and estro levels decrease
Endo breaks down
First menstrual period is called
menarche
Ovarian cycle phases (3)
Follicular phase
Ovulatory phase
Luteal phase
Explain the follicular phase
FSH released by the anterior pit stimulates growth of a group of primary follicles (these produce estrogen)
One follicle becomes the dominant follicle which becomes Graafian follicle -moves toward the ovarian wall
In the ovulatory phase, what causes the follicular and ovarian wall to rupture
LH surge
Mittelschmerz
Pain during ovulation
What happens in the luteal phase
Graafian cavity collapses and forms corpus luteum
What does the corpus luteum secrete
mostly progesterone
estrogen
How long is the luteal phase
12-14 days unless it receives hCG from gest. sac
What does the corpus luteum turn into if not fertilized?
Corpus albicans
What hormone does the hypothalamus release and what is the target cell
GnRH - anterior pituitary
What hormone(s) do the anterior pituitary release?
FSH
LH
Target cells of FSH, and what does that stimulate?
ovarian follicles - follicle growth
stimulates estrogen production
target cells of LH
ovarian follicles and corpus luteum
What does LH stimulate?
ovulation
CL development
estrogen + progesterone production
The ovaries secrete what hormone(s)
Estrogen
Progesterone
What type of feedback does estrogen cause during most of the cycle? What is the target(s)?
Estrogen causes negative feedback to hypo (GnRH) and anterior pit (LH, FSH)
Estrogen causes positive feedback to hypo and anterior pit at what point in the cycle
day 12-14
What type of feedback does progesterone do?
Negative feedback on hypo and anterior pit
What do low levels of estrogen and progesterone do?
positive feedback to hypothalamus, which increases GnRH, LH, FSH
Dominant follicle into Graafian follicle caused by
FSH
Ovulation caused by
Threshold high level of estrogen causes LH surge - enzymes released degrade follicular wall
LH following high level estrogen surge stimulates what
Formation of CL from collapsed dominant follicle
CL produces
High levels of estro and progest
What do high levels of estro and progest do feedback wise?
Activate negative feedback to hypothal, ant pit - no FSH and LH
