Lecture 2A - Repro Anat

Question 1

The endometrial cycle is divided into what two phases

Answer 1

Proliferative/follicular phase

Secretory/Luteal phase

Question 2

Estrogen initiates what phase

Answer 2

Proliferative/follicular

Question 3

Progesterone initiates what phase

Answer 3

Secretory/Luteal phase

Question 4

Purpose of the proliferative phase

Answer 4

thickening of functional layer of endo

Question 5

Purpose of secretory phase

Answer 5

Inc vascularity

Prep for implantation

Question 6

Menses is in response to

Answer 6

Decrease in estro and progest

Question 7

What stimulates formation of new layer of endo

Answer 7

Estrogen

Question 8

At late proliferative phase endo measures up to ____mm

Answer 8

11 mm

Question 9

When is the endo trilaminar

Answer 9

At late proliferative

Question 10

What hormones helps prepare the endo to accept the blastocyst

Answer 10

Progesterone (mostly)

Estrogen

Question 11

The endometrium is hyper/hypoechoic at secretory phase

Answer 11

hyperechoic

Question 12

Explain how non-fertilization leads to menses

Answer 12

No pregnancy = no hCG
Corpus luteum degenerates
Prog and estro levels decrease
Endo breaks down

Question 13

First menstrual period is called

Answer 13

menarche

Question 14

Ovarian cycle phases (3)

Answer 14

Follicular phase
Ovulatory phase
Luteal phase

Question 15

Explain the follicular phase

Answer 15

FSH released by the anterior pit stimulates growth of a group of primary follicles (these produce estrogen)
One follicle becomes the dominant follicle which becomes Graafian follicle -moves toward the ovarian wall

Question 16

In the ovulatory phase, what causes the follicular and ovarian wall to rupture

Answer 16

LH surge

Question 17

Mittelschmerz

Answer 17

Pain during ovulation

Question 18

What happens in the luteal phase

Answer 18

Graafian cavity collapses and forms corpus luteum

Question 19

What does the corpus luteum secrete

Answer 19

mostly progesterone

estrogen

Question 20

How long is the luteal phase

Answer 20

12-14 days unless it receives hCG from gest. sac

Question 21

What does the corpus luteum turn into if not fertilized?

Answer 21

Corpus albicans

Question 22

What hormone does the hypothalamus release and what is the target cell

Answer 22

GnRH - anterior pituitary

Question 23

What hormone(s) do the anterior pituitary release?

Answer 23

FSH

LH

Question 24

Target cells of FSH, and what does that stimulate?

Answer 24

ovarian follicles - follicle growth

stimulates estrogen production

Question 25

target cells of LH

Answer 25

ovarian follicles and corpus luteum

Question 26

What does LH stimulate?

Answer 26

ovulation
CL development
estrogen + progesterone production

Question 27

The ovaries secrete what hormone(s)

Answer 27

Estrogen

Progesterone

Question 28

What type of feedback does estrogen cause during most of the cycle? What is the target(s)?

Answer 28

Estrogen causes negative feedback to hypo (GnRH) and anterior pit (LH, FSH)

Question 29

Estrogen causes positive feedback to hypo and anterior pit at what point in the cycle

Answer 29

day 12-14

Question 30

What type of feedback does progesterone do?

Answer 30

Negative feedback on hypo and anterior pit

Question 31

What do low levels of estrogen and progesterone do?

Answer 31

positive feedback to hypothalamus, which increases GnRH, LH, FSH

Question 32

Dominant follicle into Graafian follicle caused by

Answer 32

FSH

Question 33

Ovulation caused by

Answer 33

Threshold high level of estrogen causes LH surge - enzymes released degrade follicular wall

Question 34

LH following high level estrogen surge stimulates what

Answer 34

Formation of CL from collapsed dominant follicle

Question 35

CL produces

Answer 35

High levels of estro and progest

Question 36

What do high levels of estro and progest do feedback wise?

Answer 36

Activate negative feedback to hypothal, ant pit - no FSH and LH