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Neuro Rehab Mid Term > Lecture 6: Exam and Treatment for Balance > Flashcards

Lecture 6: Exam and Treatment for Balance Flashcards

1
Q

What two kinds of balance must be tested?

A
  1. static and dynamic sitting

2. static an dynamic standing

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2
Q

Are balance exams a standardized outcome measure?

A

no only a screening tool

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3
Q

What is the Romberg test?

A

a clinical test used for balance although not very functional, therefore useful as a scrren

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4
Q

What are parts of Romberg?

A

pts stand with feet together and arms crossed, do eyes open and closed and max time is 30 seconds

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5
Q

What is a positive romberg?

A

loss of balance with eyes closed

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6
Q

What is a sharpened Romberg?

A

standing in tandem stance same procedure

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7
Q

What is another test similar to the Romberg?

A

SLS

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8
Q

What are two standardized measures for static and dynamic sitting balance?

A

Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS)

Function in sitting test (FIST)

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9
Q

What is the FIST?

A

14 items, with scored as 0 (complete assist) to 4 (ind.)

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10
Q

What are examples of static and dynamic standing balance?

A

ABC scale, CTSIB, FRT, Berg, TUG, DGI, BESTest

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11
Q

What is the ABC scale?

A

self report of confidence with maintaining balance

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12
Q

What is score on ABC that indicates fall risk?

A

under 67% (84% accuracy)

bench marks established for people with history of CVA, PD

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13
Q

What is the CTSIB?

A

clinical test for sensory interaction in balance

“foam and dome” test

indicates where functional deficit is coming from (sensory modality)

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14
Q

How many different conditions are tested in the CTSIB?

A

6, firm and foam with eyes open/closed/dome

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15
Q

What is the functional reach test testing?

A

ability to reach forward in bilateral stance = internal pert and test of proactive balance

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16
Q

What is cut off score for Berg Balance?

A

45 (max is 56) indicates greater fall risk

17
Q

What does 5 time sit to stand measure?

A

LE strength and fall risk

18
Q

What is the DGI?

A

dynamic gait index, assess individual ability to modify balance while walking in the presence of external demands

19
Q

What is FGA?

A

functional gait assessment, assess postural stability during various walking tasks

20
Q

Why is the BESTest so good?

A

it allows clinicians to differentiate balance into 6 underlying systems that may constrain balance and in turn design more effective treatments

21
Q

What are 6 different areas of BESTest?

A
  1. biomechanical constraints
  2. Stability limits
  3. APA
  4. postural responses
  5. sensory orientation
  6. Stability in Gait
22
Q

What kind of perturbation is reaching?

A

internal bc patient must brace themselves for movement

23
Q

What is general cut off score for BESTest?

A

69% (sensitivity 0.86)

24
Q

What areas are tested in the Mini BESTest?

A
  1. APA
  2. reactive postural control
  3. sensory orientation
  4. dynamic gait
25
Q

For the Brief BESTest what areas of 6 original areas are tested?

A
  1. Biomechanical- hip strength
  2. stability limits- reach forward
  3. APA- stand on one limb
  4. postural responses- compensatory stepping each leg
  5. Sensory orientation- stance on foam eyes closed
  6. stability in gait: get up and go test
26
Q

How can you train vision to help balance?

A

visual fixation, VOR exercises, scanning the environment

27
Q

How can you train somatosensation?

A

unstable surface training, if promoting recovery use exercises to appertain sensory input

28
Q

How can you train the vestibular system?

A

functional activities with head turns, habituation, VOR exercises

29
Q

What are examples of training internal perturbations?

A

head turns, weight shifts, reaching, sit to stand, walking, stairs, obstacle courses

30
Q

How can a PT train ankle or hip strategies?

A

large supporting surface with slow and low amplitude external perturbations

31
Q

How can a PT train stepping strategies?

A

small supporting surface with large fast perts

32
Q

What are other ways to train external pertubations?

A

moving surfaces, walking in crowded hallway, catching a ball thrown in unpredictable directions

Neuro Rehab Mid Term (14 decks)

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