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Neuro Rehab Mid Term > Lecture 10: Pediatric Perspective > Flashcards

Lecture 10: Pediatric Perspective Flashcards

1
Q

How we do develop postural control?

A

through changes of body mass and strength, development of muscle synergies, sensory system, internal representations relative to perception to action, anticipatory or adaptive mechanism

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2
Q

What is reflex hierarchical theory?

A

postural control depends on reflexes and their integration

also increasing maturation of CNS

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3
Q

What is dynamic systems theory?

A

elements of postural control is determined by task and environment

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4
Q

What is the neuronal group selection theory?

A

our brain can select from a variety of actions and can chose best one for the given task (variation + variability)

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5
Q

What are two phases of variability?

A
  1. primary- lots of variation in motor behavior, little adaptability
  2. secondary- able to select best motor strategy for task due to active experience/trial and error
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6
Q

What is the job of righting reactions?

A

initiates movement vs gravity

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7
Q

What sense is responsible for labyrinthine RR?

A

vestibular (corrects body when not upright)

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8
Q

What sense is responsible for body on head and Landau RR?

A

somato sensory (prone position)

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9
Q

What is job of equilibrium reactions?

A

keeps COG within BOS

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10
Q

What is timeline for rolling in newborn?

A

prone to supine- 4 mo
supine to prone- 6-8 months
log roll (segmental)- 9 months

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11
Q

When is prone progression?

A

birth to 10-13 months

head lift - prone on elbows- quadruped- creeping

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12
Q

How do most US children perform supine to stand?

A

initially- roll to prone- quad- pull to stand

later- prone- quad- plantigrade-stand

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13
Q

When is static sitting achieved in an infant?

A

6-8 months, cephalocaudal

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14
Q

What are four stages of static sitting?

A
  1. no control of large sway
  2. attempts to initiate upright
  3. partial control with large range body sway
  4. functional control with minimal sway
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15
Q

When will reactive postural control become adult like?

A

starts at 7-8 months

adult- 7-10 years old

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16
Q

When are first signs of APA seen in newborn?

A

10-13 months gastrocs working as an internal pert. by 16-17 months these become more consistent

17
Q

When will APA become adult like?

A

4-6 years old

18
Q

When newborns first start balance what sense dominates?

A

visual but with practice they gain increased somatosensation

19
Q

What 3 things are required for locomotion?

A
  1. progression- with rhythmic stepping pattern
  2. stability- strength and postural control
  3. adaptation- to environmental changes
20
Q

Newborns move arms in legs in womb so why can’t they initially walk?

A

immature postural control system

21
Q

What is early stepping behavior?

A

neonatal stepping, maximal support needed

controlled by central pattern generator, more of a reflex so happens below brainstem

22
Q

Why does this disappear around 2 months?

A

dynamic systems theory: body build changes don’t match strength requirements

23
Q

How do newborns avoid obstacles or adapt to environment?

A

influenced by both APA and RPA, use vision to change patterns

24
Q

What age is a new walker generally?

A

9-15 months

25
Q

What are common characteristics of early stance phase?

A

PF at IC, flexed knee, absent push off

force generated by forward trunk lean

26
Q

What are common characteristics of early aged swing phase?

A

decreased DF, increased HF, short phase due diminished SLS

27
Q

What else is common in newborns walking?

A

high cadence, arms in high guard, wide step width

28
Q

At age 2 what changes are appearing?

A

knee flexion wave, push off by end of year 2, reciprocal arm swing

29
Q

What are changes in years 3-7?

A

increased SLS, velocity and step length

decreased cadence

30
Q

Put in order of first to last as they appear: hop, run, skip, gallop?

A

1- run
2-3 hop or gallop
4- skip (longest SLS)

31
Q

What is one of best ways to examination a children’s balance?

A

observation during functional activities like play( know whats appropriate at that age)

32
Q

What are some clinical exams that can be used with kids?

A

pedi berg balance, FRT, TUG, DGI, walking obstacle course, 30 sec walk test

33
Q

What is purpose of pedi berg balance?

A

best for 6 yrs or younger, for school aged kids with moderate balance, but has ceiling effect

measure change over time

34
Q

What are norms for pediatric FRT?

A

5 years- 15.7 cm

9-10 years- 27.17 cm

13-15 years- 32.3 cm

Neuro Rehab Mid Term (14 decks)

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