Lecture 6

Question 1

what determines the direction of a behavior?

Answer 1

intensity and persistence

Question 2

whats the moderator between motivation and performance?

Answer 2

ability

Question 3

job performance =?

Answer 3

The motivation x ability - situational constraints

Question 4

Content theories focus on what?

Answer 4

Focus on the ‘‘what’’ factors that make a person put effort

Question 5

Process theories focus on what?

Answer 5

Focus on the process, on the steps of how people put effort

Question 6

What are examples of content theories?

Answer 6

Self determination theory
Maslows hierarchy of needs
Herzbergs motivation-hygiene theory
McClellands Learned Needs theory

Question 7

What are examples of process theories?

Answer 7

Social justice theories (equity theory)
Reinforcement theory
Behavioral modification 
Social learning
Goal setting theory
VIE(EXpectancy theory)

Question 8

WHAT ARE the 2 needs in Maslows Hierarchy of Needs theory?

Answer 8

Growth needs deficiency needs

Question 9

What are deficiency needs in the bottom of pyramid?

Answer 9

Physiological
Security
Love/social needs

Question 10

What are the growth needs in top of pyramid?

Answer 10

Self- actualization, self esteem needs

Question 11

McClellands Learned Needs Theory definition

Answer 11

People acquire their needs through experiences in life (influenced by culture, society etc)

Question 12

McClellands learned nees theory basic premise

Answer 12

Need for achievement
Need for affiliation
Need for power

Question 13

McClellands Needs. How did he measure the needs?

Answer 13

TAT (thematic apperception test)

> Show persosn picture and ask to write story about it
It reflects their dominant needs

Question 14

What are the positives of content theories?

Answer 14

1. They propose concepts that make us understand motivation better
2. Starting point to see cultural and individual differences in motivation

Question 15

What are the negative of content theories? (self determination etc)

Answer 15

1. lack empirical support

2. restricts the explanation to specific factors

Question 16

Vroom’s VIE theory. the letters VIE MEAN WHAT?

Answer 16

Valence
Instrumentality
Expectancy

Question 17

Valence in vroom’s theory

Answer 17

How much a person wants this outcome

Question 18

Instumentality in Vroom’s theory

Answer 18

what he believes the relationship is between the performance and the attainment of his goal

Question 19

expectancy in vroom’s theory

Answer 19

what he believes is the relationship between effort and performance

Question 20

whats the mediator in the relationship between goal and performance?

Answer 20

direction
effort
persistence
action plans

Question 21

whats the moderator in the relationship between goal and performance?

Answer 21

ability
feedback
self efficacy
goal attainment 
task complexity

Question 22

self efficacy definition and what develops it

Answer 22

Is the beliefs in my capacities.
Developed by:
success
social persuasion
physiological states
modeling (benchmarking)

Question 23

how to motivate employees?

Answer 23

Ability
commitment
goal setting
self efficacy 
opportunity
recognition 
rewards

Question 24

the job charaxxteristics model ( how to make work more interesting )

Answer 24

skill variety
task identity
task significance
autonomy
feedback

Question 25

job re design

Answer 25

scientific management: Stressing job simplification and specialization to increase performance

Question 26

job simplification in job redesign

Answer 26

break into smallest identifiable tasks

Question 27

job specialization

Answer 27

small simple tasks

Question 28

job enlargement

Answer 28

increase number of tasks, but keep tasks same level difficulty and responsibility
also called horizontal job loading

Question 29

job enrichment

Answer 29

to increase employees responsibility and control over their work
also called vertical job loading