Lecture 6

Question 1

Short term store evidence

Answer 1

• Amnesics can acquire new long term memories

- STS codes are more than just Acoustic-verbal-linguistics (AVL)

Question 2

Short term store short interval recall

Answer 2

• 96%

- Auditory = visual

Question 3

Short term store long interval recall

Answer 3

Visual > Auditory

Question 4

Evidence of semantic codes in STS

Answer 4

• 10 words
• Probe word: does it match item from list?
• Probe type when doesn’t match item from list: related (boat/ship) vs unrelated (boat/shin)
• False positives when probe was related (boat/ship)

Question 5

Working memory

Answer 5

Active system for temporary store and manipulation of information

Question 6

Components of working memory

Answer 6

Phonological loop - Central executive - Visuo-spatial sketchpad

Question 7

Central executive component of working memory

Answer 7

• Plan actions, integrate information
• Initiate control/decisions
• Transfer of info to and from long term store
• Rehearsal, recording

Question 8

Phonological loop

Answer 8

• Recycle information for immediate recall
• Rehearsal of verbal information
• Two parts: phonological store (storage) and articular rehearsal (processing)

Question 9

Visuo-spacial sketchpad

Answer 9

• Visual imagery tasks
• Spatial, visual search tasks
• Two parts: Visual cache (storage) and Inner scribe (processing)

Question 10

Assumptions of working memory

Answer 10

• Only one working memory system and operates on many tasks
• Limited storage and processing capacity
• Demands of task 1 limit performance on task 2

Question 11

Assumptions regarding the subsystems of working memory

Answer 11

• Involve simple low level processing (rehearsal/storage)
• Domain specific (phonological/visuo-spatial)
• Each has own limited pool of attentional resources

Question 12

Phonological store

Answer 12

• Passive store that holds verbal information

- Forgotten unless rehearsed and refreshed

Question 13

Articulatory loop

Answer 13

Active refreshing of verbal information

Question 14

Articulatory suppresion effect

Answer 14

• Memory for words is poorer when concurrently trying to say something
• Act of speaking uses up resources in articulatory loop
• Why it’s hard to read when others are talking

Question 15

Phonological similarity effect

Answer 15

Memory poorer when trying to remember words that are similar

Question 16

Mental rotation

Answer 16

Visual codes can be used to temporarily rotate objects in STS

Question 17

Dual-task method

Answer 17

• If 2 tasks interfere with each other, tasks utilizing same working memory subsystem
• If 2 tasks don’t interfere with each other, tasks utilizing separate working memory subsystems

Question 18

Neuropsychological evidence for separate working memory systems

Answer 18

• Phonological loop activated mostly left hempisphere parietal and frontal lobe
• Visuo-spatial sketch pad activated mostly right hemisphere in the occipital cortex and posterior parietal lobe

Question 19

Central executive and aging

Answer 19

As you age, recall becomes worse in working memory

Question 20

Working memory and driving

Answer 20

• Conversation utilizes working memory and this lowers drivers’ awareness of other cars
• Conversation especially utilizes ponological loop
• Phonological loop is required to keep track of vehicals behind them