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PSYC 2700 > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Process

A
  • Flow of information

- Associations

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2
Q

Structure

A
  • Representation of knowledge

- Stored knowledge

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3
Q

Limits

A

Restrictions in flow

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4
Q

How to examine philosophy

A

Logic and argumentation

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5
Q

How to examine psychology

A

Empirical approach

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6
Q

Plato’s theory of forms

A
  • Do not perceive real world
  • Only image of real world
  • Knowledge structures exist in the mind
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7
Q

Aristotle more active view of mind

A
  • Mind is blank slate
  • Experience is important
  • Knowledge based on associations of sensations, images and ideas
  • Knowledge can transform and influence perceptions and learning
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8
Q

Empiricism

A

Philosophical position that observation-derived data is basis for all science

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9
Q

Structuralism

A 
Study of the structure of consciousness
Wundt:
- Psychology as study of conscious process and immediate experience
- Sensation, perception, attention
- Established cognitive psychology
- Introspection technique (report immediate conscious experience)
Titchner:
- Followed Wundt's approach
- Tried to avoid stimulus error
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10
Q

Problems with interspection

A
  • Boss validates results (Wundt, Titchner)

- Cannot introspect on many mental processes and structures

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11
Q

Functionalism

A 
Study the functions of consciousness, not its structure
James:
- How does mind function and adapt
- Memory: structure/process
- Immediate (active) memory
- Hidden (passive) memory
- Attention limits
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12
Q

Associationism

A

Study of knowledge as learned associations
Ebbinghaus:
- Learn through association
- Nonsense syllables (no meanings, therefore reduce confounds)
- Isolated factors affecting learning and memory

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13
Q

Verbal learning

A
  • Grew from associationism
  • Beyond CVCs
  • Meanings and associations among stimuli are important
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14
Q

Behaviourism

A

Study of observable quantifiable behaviour
Watson, Skinner:
- Dominant movement in NA from 1910-1960
- Experience viewed as primary factor in learning, knowledge, behaviour
- No interest in hidden internal mental processes or structures
- Stimuli and response

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15
Q

Gestalt approach

A 
Study principles of organization
Wertheimer, Kohler:
- Laws of perceptual organization
- Top-down influences on perception
- Whole is greater than sum of the parts
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16
Q

Figure-ground (Gestalt)

A

Vause-face illusion

17
Q

Proximity (Gestalt)

A

Group things close to each other (2 columns of 2x5)

18
Q

Similarity (Gestalt)

A

Group things by their similarities (2 columns blue dots, 2 columns black dots)

19
Q

Closure (Gestalt)

A

Completing things (shapes made with dashed lines

20
Q

Good continuation (Gestalt)

A

Line going through another, same line not 2 different

21
Q

Neuropsychological theory

A
  • Organization of behaviour
  • Linked perception (Gestalt), learning (Behaviourism) and physiology into a single conceptual framework
  • Focus on internal mental processes and thought
  • Assemblies of neurons form associations, represents perception, actions, thoughts
22
Q

Communication theory

A
  • Flow of information

- Coding/limits

23
Q

Computers and computer science

A
  • Understanding human mind through analogy
  • Computational modelling
  • A.I., neural nets
24
Q

Cognitive neuroscience

A
  • Many converging methods of measurement

- Localization of function in the brain

25
Q

Assumptions of science

A

Determinism - lawful, orderly universe

Finite causation - limited # of factors

26
Q

Assumptions that guide cognitive research

A
  • Mental processes exist
  • Mental processes can be scientifically studied (not introspection)
  • Humans are active information processors
27
Q

Measuring information process

A
  • IV and DV variables
  • Accuracy, correct/incorrect responses
  • Reaction time
28
Q

Converging approaches to brain function

A
  • Damage and change
  • Hemispheric laterlization and specialization
  • Brain imaging techniques
29
Q

Henry Molaison

A
  • High-school graduate
  • Minor seizures when young
  • Age 16, more generalized seizures
  • Heavy medication
  • Surgery (radical, bilaterla, medial, temporal lobe resection)
  • No obvious personality change
  • Early memories intact
  • Active short-term memory was good
  • Could not learn new information
  • Evidence suggests more than 1 type of memory
30
Q

Atkinson and Shiffrin three-store model

A
  • Sensory memory (SM)
  • Short-term store (STM)
  • Long-term store (LTS)
  • Differentiate based on encoding, capacity, duration, type of code
31
Q

Donald O. Hebb

A

Canadian

PSYC 2700 (13 decks)

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