Lecture 6 Flashcards
Mammalian sperm must undergo _____ in female reproductive tract
capacitation
Capacitation can be done in vitro with
albumin, bicarbonate and calcium
Capacitation allows for
a loss of cholesterol from sperm membrane. =
makes them more permeable and increases motility
Mammalian Egg- has a layer of follicle cells called
the cumulus
mammalian egg- inside the cumulus is an extracellular coat
zona pellucida, rich on hyaluronic acid
gel-like cytoplasm in egg
cortex
inner most layer of the cumulus is called the
corona radiata
Blocks to polyspermy- cortical granule reaction occurs fusing with
egg cell membrane
cortical granule serine protease is released
this removes binding sites for sperm
release of mucopolysaccharides changes osmotic gradient
water rushes into space, expanding vitalize membrane. This is now called the fertilization membrane
blocks to polyspermy- peroxidase enzyme released
hardens fertilization membrane
Block to polyspermy- Hyalin released forms
coating around egg to support blastomeres.
The ovaries produce ______ and deposit them in the the ______
oocytes, oviduct
The _______ sweep the eggs in tote oviduct where they travel to the uterus
Fimbriae
Unlike many other organisms the egg in mammals undergoes ______ cleavage.
asynchronous cleavage, this allows for a frequent odd number of cells
At the 8 cell stage in mammals we get ________ and ______ form in the outer cells
compaction, tight junctions
16-cell state in mammals is called a
morula
in the 16 cell state, the outer cells form the
trophoblast or trophoectoderm
The trophoblast produces
the chorion and embryonic portions of the placenta
The chorion allows the fetus to get
oxygen and nutrients from the mother
The chorion secretes ________ and ________
hormones so the mother retains the fetus, and an immune response regulators to stop the mother’s rejection of the fetus
64 cell stage in mammals is
determination
The __________ becomes the embryo and the __________ will develop in to extra embryonic tissues
inner cell mass, the outer cells
The 128 cell state in mammals is called
the blastocyst
The ____ forms from the trophoblast of the 128- stage cell
blastocoel
The ______ is a special type of blastula found in mammals
blastocyst
Neural tube closure takes place simultaneously with
turning.
The _________ emerges from the neural tube
Neural crest
The neural crest forms the
skeletal structures of the head, dorsal root ganglia, Schwann cells, sympathetic ganglia, pigment cells, adrenal medulla, and enteric ganglia
Somites form the
vertebrae and myotomes and contribute to the dermis
The second polar body marks the
animal pole of the zygote
The zona pellucida prevents
implantation in the oviduct
The trophoblast secretes process which digest away the
zona pellucida
trophoblasts have proteins and proteases that allow the egg to
implant itself in the uterus
The ICM generates the
amnion that surrounds the embryo
