Lecture 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

Hilgrad

A

Altered level of consciousness; dissociation

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2
Q

Spanos

A

Subjects interpret their behavior as caused by something other than self; voluntary actions, goal-directed social behaviors, not altered consciousness
Rituals surrounding hypnosis increase suggestibility and create expectations
Hypnotic subjects are those more likely to show
suggestibility and absorption

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3
Q

Psychoactive Drugs

A

a substance that affects perception, mood, thinking, memory or behavior by changing the body’s chemistry

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4
Q

Tolerance

A

the progressive decrease in a person’s responsiveness to a drug

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5
Q

Psychological Dependence

A

person must continue to take a drug to satisfy emotional cravings

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6
Q

Physical Dependence

A

person must continue to take to avoid withdrawal illness

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7
Q

Stimulants

A

speed up activity in the CNS

Amphetamines, MDMA, Nicotine, Cocaine

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8
Q

Opiates/Narcotics

A

mimic endorphins, increase pleasure and decrease pain

Opium, heroin, morphine, methadone, codeine

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9
Q

Depressants/Sedatives

A

slow down CNS activity, induce sleep, decrease activity

Alcohol, Benzodiazepines, Barbiturates, Inhalants

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10
Q

Hallucinogens/Psychedelics

A

alter perception, distort sensory experiences

LSD, mescaline, PCP, Ketamine

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11
Q

Marijuana

A

THC active ingredient; some hallucinogenic properties
Short term effects
Problems with learning and memory ex
Distorted perception
Loss of coordination
Increased Heart Rate
Feelings of euphoria and intensity of sensory perception
Affects appetite and pain perceptionHeavy Users:
Alters information processing in the Hippocampus
Respiratory Problems
Lower Achievement
Research is exploring how heavy and recreational use in adolescence interferes/alters brain development
Addictive Potential: can develop psychological dependence

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12
Q

Crack and Cocaine

A

Powerfully addictive central nervous system stimulant
Physical Effects
Constricted blood vessels
Dilated pupils
Increased heart rate, temperature and blood pressureFaster absorption: more intense the high
Tolerance develops
High Doses/Prolonged use can trigger paranoia
Depression associated with stoppage

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13
Q

LSD

A
Referred to as “Acid”
Effects are Unpredictable and Dependent on Many Variable: amount taken, users personality, mood and expectation, surroundings
Produce changes in perception
Animals wont self administer
No significant tolerance or dependence
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14
Q

MDMA/Ecstasy

A

psychoactive drug with both stimulant and hallucinogenic properties

MDMA research explores whether it is neurotoxic.
Some Brain Imaging studies have shown injury to the brain, affecting neurons that use serotonin
Muscle tension, teeth/jaw clenching, nausea,
Blurred vision, rapid eye movement
Temperature dysregulation: chills or sweating
Increased feeling of empathy and intensity
Risk for people with circulatory or heart disease

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15
Q

Ritalin

A

CNS stimulant medication often prescribed for ADHD; now sold as a street drug illegally
Has effects more potent than caffeine but less than amphetamines
Stimulant Effects
Appetite
Wakefulness
Increased focus/attentiveness
Mild euphoria

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16
Q

Alcohol

A

CNS Depressant:
Produces a mild euphoria, relaxation, anxiety reduction, reduced inhibitions
Can impair coordination, mental functioning, emotional fluctuations
Moderate risk of physical and psychological dependence
Long term risks: Liver disease, Brain damage, Heart disease, Birth defects

17
Q

Expectancy theory of alcohol

A

the idea that alcohol effects can be produced by people’s expectations about how it will influence them in particular situations

18
Q

alcohol myopia

A

alcohol hampers attention leading to simple responses to complex situations

19
Q

Cigarettes

A

Nicotine: a stimulant
Stress and anxiety affect nicotine tolerance and dependence
Addiction results in withdrawal symptoms which seems to be a primary motivation for cotinued use
Withdrawal has led to impaired judgment, decrease in psychomotor and cognitive functioning
Health risks well documented

20
Q

Benefits of Psychoactive Drugs

A

Simulants and Narcotics on label serve important functions
Medical Marijuana:
Research claims it reduces intraocular pressure/tx for glaucoma
Research claims it reduces headache/nausea and reduces tics for Tourette’s patients
Research claims that it also increases appetite, relieves pain and soothes anxiety for chemotherapy, chronic pain and other patients