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Micro > Lecture 6 > Flashcards

Lecture 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What pathogens have respiratory transmission?

A 
Mycobacterium
Mycoplasma
Corynebacterium
Bordetella pertussis
H. influenzae
Legionella Pneumophila
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2
Q

How fast do mycobacterium grow?

A

Very slow

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3
Q

What confers virulence to mycobacterium?

A

Cord factor

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4
Q

What confers acid fastness to mycobacterium

A

Mycolic acid

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5
Q

M. Tuberculosis CP

A

Fatigue
Fever
Weight loss
Cough with bloody sputum

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6
Q

What are the three possible outcomes of M. tuberculosis infection

A

Heal
Necrosis
From productive lesion (granuloma)

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7
Q

Mycolic acid function

A

Prevent attach by lysozyme and complement

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8
Q

What is lipoarabinomannan (LAM) function

A

Stimulates cytokine production by host (TNF and IL-6 stimulate HIV)

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9
Q

What is a granuloma

A

Mycobacterium survives in macrophage
Macrophage secretes cytokines to recruit immune cells (but can’t kill)
Immune cells swarm and create a huge grouping of cells

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10
Q

What is the exception to aerosol spread of TB

A

M. bovis

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11
Q

What is M. tuberculosis first act?

A

Attach to respiratory macrophages and invade

Prevent phagolysosome fusion

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12
Q

M. Tuberculosis cytotoxicity?

A

Cord factor

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13
Q

What is miliary TB

A

Spread of TB via blood to various parts of your body

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14
Q

TB in your lungs spreads were?

A

To regional lymph nodes

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15
Q

What is a caseum?

A

A fibrous cuff in necrotic tissue that can form around TB and make it look inactive. However it can rupture and lead to reactivation.

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16
Q

Who is at risk for TB

A

Immigrants
Other infections (silicosis, emphysema, HIV)
Very old or young
Homeless or destitute

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17
Q

TB’s has which of the 3 I’s ?

A

Cytokine mediated inflammation

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18
Q

PPD tests for?

A

T cells specific for TB

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19
Q

Quantiferon Gold tests for?

A

Release of interferon-gamma

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20
Q

What is the gold stand for TB test?

A

PCR with primers for M. Tub.

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21
Q

What is the only way to diagnose latent vs active TB?

A

XRAY

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22
Q

Four drugs for TB?

A

INH
Rifampin
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol

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23
Q

What are secondary drugs for resistant TB?

A

Fluorquinolones

Aminoglycosides

24
Q

What causes leprosy?

A

M. Leprae

25
Q

Why don’t beta-lactams work for TB?

A

Because of beta-lactamase blaC

26
Q

M. Leprae treatment

A

Dapsone (sulfone) and Rifampin

27
Q

What disease is found only in immunocompromised patients and has similar symptoms to TB?

A

M. Kansasii

28
Q

What is most common nosocomial disease in HIV patients?

A

M. avium-intracellulare

29
Q

M. avium intracellulare treatment?

A

Clarithromycin and ethambutol for life

30
Q

What is mycoplasmas appearance on agar?

A

Inverted fried egg

31
Q

What does Mp. pneumonia typically present as

A

Walking pneumonia
Tracheobronchitis
Mild fever and non-productive cough

32
Q

How is Mp. pneumonia spread?

A

Respiratory droplets

33
Q

How does Mp. pneumonia adhere?

A

Has a proline rich adhesion protein

34
Q

Mp. pneumonia cytotoxicity?

A

Competes for nutrients
Produces ROS and peroxide
Does not live in a cell

35
Q

What shouldn’t be given for Mp. pneumonia and why?

A

PCN

They don’t have cell walls

36
Q

What can be given for Mp. pneumonia if the infection is bad?

A

Tetracycline

Erythromycin

37
Q

What is the best treatment right now for MDR TB?

A

Meropenem and Clavulanate

38
Q

What are the two main forms of leprosy?

A 
Tuberculoid leprosy (paucibacilliary)
Lepromatous leprosy (multibacilliary)
39
Q

What is tuberculoid leprosy

A

Macular lesions

Unilateral nerve damage

40
Q

What is lepromatous leprosy

A

Nodular lesions
Bilateral nerve death
Bone resorption

41
Q

Of the 3 I’s, how does leprosy work?

A

Inflammation (damages nerve endings)

42
Q

What are most forms of mycoplasmas?

A

STDs

43
Q

What kind of mycoplasma can cause urethral and genital infections?

A

Is a normal flora

M. genitalium

44
Q

Which mycoplasma can cause post-partum fever?

A

M. Hominis

45
Q

Which mycoplasma can cause non-gonococcal urethritis in males

A

Ureaplasma urealyticum

46
Q

How does ureaplasma urealyticum cause non-gonococcal urethritis?

A

Urease releases ammonia from urea which alkalinizes urine

47
Q

What is the MOST common cause of non-gonococcal urethritis?

A

Chlamydia Trachomatis

48
Q

What allows A portion of AB toxin to interact with environment?

A

Low pH of phagocytic vesicle causes conformational change

49
Q

Describe corynebacterium diphtheriae

A

GramPos
Club shaped
Pleomorphic
Aerobic rod

50
Q

Clinical presentation of corynebacterium diphtheriae

A

Cough
Sore throat
Swollen lymphnodes
Sometimes pseudomembrane in back of throat

51
Q

What is the risk of corynebacterium spreading?

A

Toxin can spread to multiple places but most often the heart

52
Q

How does corynebacterium spread?

A

Respiratory droplets

53
Q

How does AB toxin get internalized?

A

B part binds to EGF-like receptor

54
Q

What does A part of AB toxin bind? What does this do?

A

NAD

ADP-ribosylates EF-2 (this is a transcription factor so protein synthesis stops)

55
Q

How does iron effect the synthesis of AB toxin?

A

Bacteria sense iron and only in the presence of low Fe will they produce AB toxin

56
Q

If someone is diagnosed with diphtheria, what is the treament?

A

Large dose of equine antitoxin

PCN and erythromycin to keep bacteria count low

57
Q

How does corynebacterium get AB toxin?

A

Beta-phage conversion

Micro (13 decks)

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