Lecture 11 Flashcards

1
Q

What organisms spread via vectors?

A

Borrelia
Rickettsia
Yersinia Pestis

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2
Q

Borrelia shape and stain

A

Long spirochetes

GramNeg, NO LPS!

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3
Q

What does borrelia have in place of LPS?

A

Inflammatory lipoproteins in OM

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4
Q

B. recurrentis, B. hermsii, 20 others cause what?

A

Recurrent fever

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5
Q

B. recurrentis, B. hermsii, 20 others (recurrent fever) symptoms?

A

Sudden onset fever
Intense headache
Muscle pain
SYMPTOMS RECUR EVERY 5-10 DAYS

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6
Q

What causes recurrent fever via B. recurrentis, B. hermsii, 20 others?

A

Antigen keeps switching

New lymphocytes have to be made on a cyclic basis

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7
Q

What can B. recurrentis, B. hermsii, 20 others lead to after recurrent fever?

A

Necrotic foci in parenchymatous organs

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8
Q

B. burgdorferi + 9 others cause what?

A

Lyme disease

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9
Q

Lyme disease initial symptoms

A

Flu-like symptoms

erythema chronicum migrans

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10
Q

Lyme disease secondary symptoms

A

facial nerve palsy
meningitis
carditis

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11
Q

B. recurrentis spreads how?

A

Lice

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12
Q

B. hermii spreads how?

A

Soft-bodied ticks from rodent reservoir

many infected ticks out west, but outbreaks are rare

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13
Q

B. burgdorferi spreads how?

A

Transmitted by deer ticks

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14
Q

What protein on B. recurrentis, B. hermsii is the one with variation?

A

VMP protein antigen

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15
Q

How do you treat recurrent fever?

A

Doxy or synthetic PCNs

Can use 3 gen ceph to treat recalcitrant infections

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16
Q

Shape and stain of rickettsia

A

Small rods

Gram Neg

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17
Q

Rickettsia metabolism

A

Obligate intracellular parasite

18
Q

What are the four types of rickettsia

A

Typhus
Spotted fever
Ehrlichia/anaplasma
Coxiella burnetti

19
Q

Where do typhus group rickettsias grow

A

Host cytoplasm

20
Q

Where do spotted fever group rickettsias grow

A

Host cytoplasm

21
Q

Organism has a common lifecycle to chlamydia

A

Ehrlichia and anaplasm group rickettsias

22
Q

What do ehrlichia and anaplasm group rickettsias lack?

A

No PG or LPS

23
Q

How does typhus group rickettsia cause illness?

A

Parasite of blood endothelium –> vasculitis
Begins on chest and moves to extremities
Severe prostration and high fever
R. akari causes smallpox-like rash

24
Q

What bug causes spotted fever type rickesttsia

A

R. rickettsii

25
R. rickettsi (spotted fever type) causes illness how?
Endothelial pathogen | Rash on extremities that moves to trunk
26
What special disease belongs to spotted fever type rickettsia
Rocky Mountain Spotted fever
27
Rocky mountain spotted fever symptoms
``` Abrupt fever HA N/V Myalgias, arthralgias Abodominal pain due to vasculitis of organs (50% fatal without treatment) ```
28
Ehrlichia chaffeensis (monocytic erlichiosis, HME) causes illness how?
Obligate parasite of monocytes and macrophages | Pathology from immune response
29
``` Ehrlichia chaffeensis (monocytic erlichiosis, HME) symptoms? ```
``` HA Myalgias Thrombocytopenia Lymphopenia Bone marrow granulomas Like RMSF but without vasculitis ```
30
Anaplasma phagocytophilum (anaplasmosis, HGA) sypmtoms?
Maybe rash | Symptoms like Ehrlichia
31
How does Anaplasma phagocytophilum (anaplasmosis, HGA) cause illness?
Obligate parasite of neutrophils and granulocytes | Pathology from immune response
32
Coxiella (Q-fever) resembles what?
resembles influenza or pneumonia rather than typhus
33
Chronic coxiella can lead to what?
Endocarditis in PTs with defective heart valves
34
Typical presentation of coxiella?
Fever with pneumonia/hepatitis 2-3 weeks after exposure
35
What two bugs cause typhus group rickettsial infection and how do you get each?
R. prowazekii-human lice R. typhi-rat flea Prevalent where hygiene is low
36
Where is spotted fever common and how do you get it in each place?
East US-dog tick | West US-wood-tick
37
Ehrlichia and Anaplasma are spread how?
Ticks
38
Coxiella burnetii (Q-fever) is spread to humans how?
Dust or aerosal from infected animals-goats, cattle, sheep, cats (even though it is spread to other animals via ticks)
39
Coxiella burnetti attacks what part of the body?
Lung epithelium
40
How do rickettsias attack blood vessels?
Phospholipase A targets cell membranes to lice blood vessels and other epithelium R. Rickettsii also attacks smooth muscle
41
What is the treatment for rickettsial infections
Tetracycline/doxycycline