Lecture 1 Flashcards
Why are there so many forms of bacteria?
They can readily mate across species lines
Spherical bacteria
Cocci
Comma-shaped
Vibrio
Bacteria lacking distinct shape
Pleomorphic
DNA optical mapping
Technique for constructing ordered, genome-wide, high-resolution restriction maps from single, stained molecules of DNA, called “optical maps”
Read like a barcode
Rod-like bacteria
Bacilli
Spiral shaped bacteria
Spirochete
What two types of bacteria can have endospores?
Bacillus and clostridium
How are mycoplasms different that bacteria (4)?
Don’t contain a cell wall
Have cholesterol in their cell walls
Very pleomorphic
Obligate intracellular parasites
What is different between a filament and a rod?
Filament is much longer. It is a hairlike fiber.
What does strepto mean?
Chains
What are common metabolic products that are tested for to determine bacterial species?
Acids, sulfides, ammonium
What is an inclusion body?
Nuclear or cytoplasmic aggregates of stainable substances, usually proteins.
What is a common function for inclusion bodies?
Store a number of substances:
- Carbon
- Sulfur
- Polyphosphate
How is a bacteria chromosome arranged?
It is circular
It is highly folded
Anchored to membrane in various places
Enzymatic reaction centers present
Why can an inversion cause changes in virulence and other factors in bacteria?
Because it can disrupt enzymatic reaction centers
What are pathogen associated molecular patterns PAMPs?
Molecules associated with groups of pathogens, that are recognized by cells of the innate immune system
What is pyroptosis?
Like apoptosis but also includes inflammation and caspase-1
What can mycoplasmas resemble?
L-shaped bacteria
What are L-shaped bacteria?
Bacteria that stop producing cell wall (because cell wall is a common target for antibiotics)
What bacteria is fat in the middle and tapered at the end?
Fusiform
Describe genetic material in bacteria
Have a single circular DNA ring. Also have short DNA segments called plasmids.
What do prokaryotes lack that are found in eukaryotes?
Membrane-bound organelles
How do prokaryotes reproduce?
Binary fission
What are “somal” bodies?
Protein-bound vesicles
Gas vesicles
Magnetosomes (membrane bound)
Carboxysomes
What is unique about that B. pseudomallei genome?
Has two chromosomes
What is found in the variable regions of B pseudomallei genome?
Multiple genomic islands which is associated with virulence
What type of secretion does B. pseudomallei use?
Three type III systems
How can B pseudomallei move inside the cell?
It can hijack actin machinery
What is diplococci?
Two spheres
What does staphlo mean
Cluster
What shape is coccobacillus?
Oval
