lecture 6 Flashcards
Define differential reinforcement
Reinforcing different rates of responding, usually used to decrease bh
differential reinforcement of low rates (DRL)
is a schedule of reinforcement in which a reinforcer is presented only if a particular response occurs at a low rate.
limited responding DRL
specifies max allowable # of responses during a given time window in order for reinforcer to occur
(Tommy gets reinforcer if he talks out less than 3 times in 50 min)
spaced responding drl
requires that a specified behavior not occur during a
specified interval, and after the interval has passed, an instance of that behavior must then occur in order for a reinforcer
to occur. In other words, instances of a specific behavior must be spaced out over time.
how is spaced responding DRL different from fixed interval rf schedule
requires response to be emitted before reinforcer
differential reinforcment of zero responding(DRO)
is a
schedule in which a reinforcer is presented only if a specified response does not occur during a specified period of time.
Note that a target response before the interval has passed causes the timing of the interval to start over again.
differential reinforcement of incompatible behaviour
If we decide to decrease a target
response by withholding reinforcers for it and by reinforcing an incompatible response, the schedule is referred to as differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior(DRI)
diff reinforcement of alternate bh DRA
which is a procedure that
involves the extinction of a problem behavior combined with reinforcing a behavior that is topographically dissimilar
to but not necessarily incompatible with the problem behavior
ex. reinforcing compliance (completing tasks) to reduce agressive bh
punisher
immeadiate consequence that causes bh frequency to decrease
principle of punishment
If, in a given situation, someone emits an operant behavior that is immediately followed by a
punisher, then that person is less likely to emit that behavior again when she or he next encounters a similar situation.
punishment in bh terms
it is simply a technical term referring
to the application of an immediate consequence following an individual’s specific behavior in a specific situation that has
the effect of decreasing the likelihood of future instances of that individual engaging in that specific behavior in that specific
situation.
punishment is not:
deterrent or retribution, just refers to immeadiate consequence of bh in this context
types of punishers
physical, reprimand, timeout, response cost
punishment may not be required with
functional (ABC) asses of alt /replacement bh
sdp
stimulus in presence of which indicates response will be punished
problems with punishment
agressive and emotional responses
associated stim may become cond punishers
only supresses prob bh without establishing new
modeling and overuse
use punishments only when
The behavior is very maladaptive, and it is in the client’s best interest to bring about rapid behavior change.
* Clear steps are taken to maximize the conditions for a desirable alternative response and to minimize the causes
of the response to be punished before resorting to punishment.
* The client or the client’s parent or guardian provides informed consent (see Chapter 29).
* The intervention meets ethical standards (see Chapter 29).
* Punishment is applied according to clear guidelines (see p. 161).
escape conditioning
states that the removal of certain stimuli—
called aversive stimuli—immediately after the occurrence of a behavior will increase the likelihood of that behavior
also called negative reinforcement
how escape cond different from punishment
ex. good posture
punishment- loud tone for bad posture
escape - good posture to escape loud tone
aversive exsists before with escape conditioning
punishment procedure
decreases the likelihood of the target response of slouching whereas the escape conditioning procedure increases the
likelihood of the target response of exhibiting good posture.
avoidance conditioning
states that if a behavior prevents an aversive stimulus from occurring,
then that will result in an increase in the frequency of that behavior
warning stimulus in avoidance conditioning?
which is a stimulus that signals a forthcoming aversive stimulus. In the
example at the shopping mall, the sight of the person you dislike some distance away was a warning stimulus, and you ducked
into the store to avoid that person.
