lecture 4

Question 1

operant extinction

Answer 1

operant extinction states that (a) if an individual, in a given situation, emits a previously reinforced
behavior, and that behavior is not followed by a reinforcer, (b) then that person is less likely to do the same thing again
when next encountering a similar situation.

Question 2

shaping

Answer 2

development of a new operant behaviour by the reinforcement of successive approximations of that behaviour and the extinction of earlier approximations of that behaviour until the new behaviour occurs

Question 3

acquisition phase

Answer 3

While a behavior is being conditioned or learned,

Question 4

maintenance phase

Answer 4

After bh has become
well learned, it is said to be in the maintenance phase

Question 5

define continuous reinforcement

Answer 5

continuous reinforcement (CRF), which is an arrangement in which each
instance of a particular response is reinforced.

Question 6

intermittent reinforcement

Answer 6

between crf and operant extinction

literally means reinforcement is intermittent

Question 7

Fixed ratio reinforcement schedule

Answer 7

denoted by FR x (1,2, etc)

reinforcer occurs each time a fixed number of responses of a particular type are emitted

Question 8

variable ratio schedule

Answer 8

reinforcer occurs after a certain number of a particular response, and the
number of responses required for each reinforcer changes unpredictably from one reinforcer to the next

Question 9

fixed interval schedule

Answer 9

reinforcer is presented following the first instance of a specific response after a
fixed period of time

Question 10

variable interval schedule

Answer 10

reinforcer is presented following the first instance of a specific response
after an interval of time, and the length of the interval changes unpredictably from one reinforcer to the next.

Question 11

Limited Hold

Answer 11

is a deadline for meeting the response requirement of a schedule of reinforcement. A limited hold can
be added to any of the ratio or interval schedules.

Question 12

fixed duration

Answer 12

a reinforcer is presented only if a behavior occurs continuously for a fixed period
of time

Question 13

variable duration

Answer 13

a reinforcer is presented only if a behavior occurs continuously for a
fixed period of time and the interval of time from reinforcer to reinforcer changes unpredictably