Lecture 55+56 - STDs and UTIs Flashcards

1
Q

N. gonorrhea is a Gram ____ diplococcus that causes ____ inflammatory disease (PID), and can disseminate to cause Meningitis, endocarditis, arthritis, and other issues. Remember that N. gonorrhea cannot ferment _____, which N. meningitidis can. Also remember that Neisseria sp. have phase changes and antigenic variation with respect to their pilli. What do these mean?

A

Gram -

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

Maltose

Phase change –> on/off switch to produce or not produce Pilli.

Variation –> different pilli structure, so not recognized by Abs produced against previously produced pilli.

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2
Q

Treponema pallidum is a ______ (morphology) and is the causative agent for ______. In Primary infection, patients can present with _____ at the site of infection and regional lymphadenopathy.

Secondary stage presents with generalized lymphadenopathy, disseminated ____, _____ (hair loss), and condyloma lata (white lesions).

Tertiary stage can present with neurological symptoms including confusion, ______ disturbance, demetia, Tabes Dorsalis and Charcot joint.

Because it’s so small, it can penetrate into deep cell layers by moving through ______ junctions between cells.

Treatment is with _______ penicillin G, but can cause Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction. What is that?

A

Spirochete

Syphilis

Chancre

Rash, Alopecia

Personality

Gap junctions

Benzathine Penicillin G

Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction is an immune response to the contents from lysed T. pallidum.

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3
Q

Chlamydia trachomitus is Gram ___ and is the MOST common cause of bacterial STDs. Remember that ALL Chlamydia have a two-phase life cycle. What are those two phases?

Patients can present with conjunctivitis, mucositis, and arthralgia. Treatment often involves a combination of _______ and ________.

A

Gram -

EB and RB, where EB is metabolically inactive/outside the target cell that is coated with adhesins required for entering target cells, and RB is metabolically active/inside the cell.

Azythromycin and Doxycyclin

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4
Q

Haemophilus ducrey is a Gram - chain of _____ (morphology) “railroad tracks.” It is ____ positive but _____ negative. It produces a toxin called _____ distending toxin that inhibits the host cell cycle. Patients will present with _____ and necrotic lesions. Keep in mind this infection does NOT disseminate, so no systemic disease. Treatment is Erythromycin and _______.

A

Bacilli

Oxidase +

Catalase -

Cytolethal Distending Toxin

Charcoid and necrotic lesions

Azythromycin

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5
Q

Mycoplasma genitalium does not have a ___ ___, so no gram stain, and it takes on the shape of a Tennis racket or flask. This bacteria is resistant to ______. Because this does not have a cell wall, which Antibiotics should not be used?

A

Cell wall

Rifampin

Beta-lactams should not be used

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6
Q

Gardenerella vaginalis is a Gram ____ coccobacillus that is a ______ anaerobe that ONLY infects women. It produces ______, a protein that forms pores in the host’s cells. Amine Whiff test involves adding 10%____ to the discharge –> it is positive if it produces a foul fish odor. This infection is treated with Metronizadole.

A

Gram +

Facultative anaerobe

Vaginolysin

10%KOH

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7
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis is not a bacteria; it is a _____. This is very similar to Gardenella vaginalis, and can be treated with the same antibiotic. What is the main difference between the two infectious agents?

A

Parasite

Gardenella vaginalis is a Gram + bacteria, while Trichomonas vaginalis is a parasite.

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8
Q

______ agar is used as a differentiating media to distinguish between different types of Gram - bacteria. It distinguishes between bacteria that can ferment lactose and those that cannot –> those that can form _____ colonies, while those that cannot form _____ colonies. _______ can ferment lactose and is the MOST common cause of UTIs. It shows > _____ cfu/mL, which is many more than Staph saprophyticus would show.

A

McConkey agar

Pink colonies

White colonies

UPEC

10^5

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9
Q

Keep in mind McConkey agar is _______ for Gram + bacteria because crystal violet and bile salts kill them.

A

Selective

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