Lecture 54 - Bacterial Respiratory Diseases

Question 1

H. influenzae is a Gram - diplococcus with a _____ capsule.

Answer 1

PRP capsule

Question 2

Moraxella catarrhalis is prevalent in young kids and the elderly and is mostly resistant to ______ and ______. It is a Gram ____ diplococcus that is ______ positive. It is the third most common cause of _____ media

Answer 2

Penicillin

Vancomycin

Gram -

Oxidase

Otitis

Question 3

Legionella pneumophila is an ______ infectious agent (so immunosuppressed individuals at risk) that grows in _____, as it is a ________ intracellular pathogen. It grows within ______ (which immune cells?) during human infection. It is Gram - and is hard to stain. It often appears as motile, ________ rods. Antibiotics that work are ones that act intracellularly like Erythromycin, Ciprofloxacin, and Tetracyclin.

Answer 3

Opportunist

Amoeba

Facultative intracellular pathogen

Macrophages

Pleiomorphic rods

Question 4

Klebsiella pneumoniae is an _______ infectious agent (so immunocompromised individuals at risk). It is a ______ anaerobic Gram _____ coccobacillus. Infection is insidious, typically forming _____ in the lung, bloody sputum, necrosis and septicemia as a result of its metabolism.

Answer 4

Opportunist

Facultative anaerobic

Gram -

Abscesses

Question 5

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is also an ______ infectious agent that is most common among patient suffering from _____. It is a Gram -, _____ positive, motile bacillus that smells like _____ (so fruity). Colonies often produce _____ (slime), which renders it resistant to antibiotics. _________ cepacia is a Pseudomonad bacteria that causes Cepacia in patients with ____ (this is even more lethal than aeruginosa infection).

Answer 5

Opportunist

CF

Oxidase positive

Grapes

Biofilm

Burkholderia cepacia

Question 6

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is the causative agent for “_____” or atypical pneumonia characterized by a non-_____ or dry cough because it inserts between cilia, preventing them from beating –> so no mucous movement. It does not have a _____ _____, and instead has _____ in its membrane. that it steals from target cells. It produces a biofilm, and thus has a “____ egg” appearance when cultured. Treatment should never include which class of antibiotics and why?

Answer 6

“Walking” pneumonia

Non-productive or dry cough

Cell wall

Sterols

Fried Egg

Never include Beta-lactams because there is no cell wall to inhibit the synthesis of.

Question 7

Chlamydia pneumoniae, like ALL Chlamydia, is an ______ intracellular, Gram - pathogen that also causes atypical pneumonia. All Chlamydia have a biphasic life-cycle consisting of _____ bodies (EBs –> spore-like infectious/not metabolically active agent) and _____ bodies (RBs –> metabolically active/replicative agents).

Answer 7

Obligate intracellular

Elementary Bodies

Reticulate Bodies

Question 8

Development of bacterial pneumonia process:

Contamination or change in normal flora –> adherence to cells of the _______ –> bacterial colonization –> aspiration into ____ –> escape from normal lung defenses and (re)colonization.

Answer 8

Oropharynx

Lung