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Physio Exam 4 (Ana) > Lecture 54 > Flashcards

Lecture 54 Flashcards

1
Q

What does GI motility primarily refer to?

A

Contraction and relaxation of GIT walls and sphincters

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2
Q

Which muscle type decreases the diameter of a GI tract segment?

A

Circular muscle

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3
Q

Slow waves in GI motility originate from:

A

Interstitial cells of Cajal

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4
Q

The frequency of slow waves varies between:

A

3-12 cycles per minute

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5
Q

Phasic contractions are characterized by:

A

Periodic contractions followed by relaxation

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6
Q

Which phase of swallowing is voluntary?

A

Oral phase (initially)

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7
Q

Receptive relaxation in the stomach involves:

A

Reducing stomach pressure and increasing volume

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8
Q

The upper esophageal sphincter:

A

Opens to allow bolus, then closes

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9
Q

Migrating myoelectric complexes are mediated by:

A

Motilin

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10
Q

The stomach has how many muscle layers?

A

3

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11
Q

Which nerve is involved in the vagovagal reflex during gastric motility?

A

Vagus nerve

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12
Q

The mechanism of slow waves involves:

A

Depolarizing and repolarizing phases

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13
Q

Retropulsion in gastric motility refers to:

A

Digesta being propelled back

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14
Q

Which muscle layer is thinner with fewer nerves?

A

Longitudinal muscle

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15
Q

The chewing (mastication) process serves:

A

Three functions

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16
Q

Tonic contractions are characterized by:

A

Constant level of contraction

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17
Q

In the esophageal phase of swallowing, what helps relax the lower esophageal sphincter?

A

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP)

18
Q

The swallowing center is located in:

A

Medulla

19
Q

Calcium channels play a role in:

A

Maintaining the plateau phase of slow waves

20
Q

The interstitial cells of Cajal act as:

A

Pacemakers for smooth muscle

21
Q

Shortening of ring of smooth muscle; decreases the diameter of the segment

A

Circular muscle

22
Q

Shortening in longitudinal direction; decrease the length

A

Longitudinal muscle

23
Q

Periodic contractions followed by relaxation; in the esophagus, gastric antrum, & SI; areas where there is alot of mixing & propulsion

A

Phasic contractions

24
Q

Maintain a constant level of contraction or tone w/out regular relaxation; in the uper region of the stomach, lower region of the esophagus, & the ileocecal & internal anal sphincters

A

Tonic contractions

25
Q

What is a unique characteristic of slow waves in GI smooth muscle?

A

Oscillating depolarization and repolarization may or may not reach membrane threshold

26
Q

The origin of slow waves in the GI tract is attributed to:

A

Interstitial cells of Cajal in the myenteric plexus

27
Q

T/f: the frequency os slow waves is NOT influenced by hormones or neural input

A

T

28
Q

What are the reasons for mastication

A

Mix food w/ saliva to lubricate
Reduces size of food particles
Mixes ingested carbohydrates with salivary amylase

29
Q

voluntary ar first, then becomes involuntary; tongue forces bolus towards the pharynx [has lots of receptors aroudn it] from there involuntary swallowing starts

A

oral phase

30
Q

involuntary, propel bolus from mouth through pharynx to esophagus

A

Pharangeal phase

31
Q

controlled by swallowing reflex & enteric nervous system � propeling the bolus to the stomach

A

Esophageal phase

32
Q

order the pharangeal phase from step 1-4: I:Larynx moves against the epiglottis to cover the opening to the trachea. II:Soft palate is pulled up to narrow the passage so the bolus can move to the nasopharynx. III: Epiglottis covers the opening of the larynx. IV: Upper esophageal sphincter opens and food moves from pharynx to esophagus

A

II, III,I,IV

33
Q

What mediates the opening of the lower esophageal sphincter during the esophageal motility process?

A

Vagus nerve and Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP)

34
Q

What is the purpose of the secondary peristaltic wave in esophageal motility?

A

To clear the esophagus of any remaining food

35
Q

does the fundus/body or body/pyloric antrum of the stomach have thciker walls for more forcefull contractions for mixing and propelling digesta

A

body and antrum

36
Q

Which of the following is involved in receptive relaxation in the orad region of the stomach?

A

Vagus nerve and vagovagal reflex

37
Q

What effect do slow waves in the caudad region of the stomach have?

A

They contribute to retropulsion of digesta

38
Q

Which of the following regulates gastric emptying into the small intestine?

A

Hormones

39
Q

Which layer is unique to the stomach’s muscular structure and contributes to its ability to churn food?

A

Inner oblique

40
Q

Which hormone mediates the migrating myoelectric complexes involved in gastric motility?

A

Motilin

Physio Exam 4 (Ana) (14 decks)

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