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Physio Exam 4 (Ana) > Lecture 53 > Flashcards

Lecture 53 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four types of regulatory substances

A

GI peptides, hormones, neurocrines, and paracrines

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2
Q

Gastrin is secreted by which cells in the stomach?

A

G cells

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3
Q

Which hormone stimulates insulin secretion in response to glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids?

A

Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Peptide (GIP

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4
Q

What is a key function of Cholecystokinin (CCK)?

A

Stimulate gallbladder contraction

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5
Q

Somatostatin is classified as a:

A

Paracrine

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6
Q

Which neurocrine is released from cholinergic neurons?

A

Acetylcholine

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7
Q

Secretin is secreted by cells in which part of the digestive tract?

A

Duodenum

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8
Q

Which substance stimulates orexigenic neurons to increase appetite?

A

Ghrelin

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9
Q

What is a characteristic of GI peptides?

A

They can be hormones, paracrines, or neurocrines

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10
Q

Motilin is considered a:

A

Candidate hormone

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11
Q

Which hormone inhibits gastrin release from G cells in the stomach?

A

Secretin

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12
Q

pancreatic polypeptide is secreted in response to what

A

Ingestion of carbs, proteins, & lipids

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13
Q

Enteroglucagon is primarily involved in:

A

Helping to raise blood glucose in non-ruminants

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14
Q

Which substance is secreted by fat cells and crosses the blood-brain barrier to decrease appetite?

A

Leptin

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15
Q

GLP-1 is synthesized by:

A

Intestinal L cells

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16
Q

Which paracrine is secreted by D cells of GI mucosa in response to decreased luminal pH?

A

Somatostatin

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17
Q

Candidate hormones differ from T GI hormones because they:

A

Fail to meet one or more criteria of T hormones

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18
Q

Which neurocrine is released from adrenergic neurons?

A

Norepinephrine

19
Q

Peptide YY is secreted by:

A

Intestinal L cells

20
Q

Which hormone stimulates pancreatic enzyme secretion and gallbladder contraction?

A

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

21
Q

secreted by endocrine cells of GIT; act locally w/in the same tissue that secretes them

A

Gi paracrines

22
Q

Major GI paracrine hormone that has a major inhibitory actions in GIT

A

somatostatin

23
Q

Secreted in response to physiologic stimulus carried in blood to distant site

A

Gastrin

24
Q

t/f: Gastrin is dependent on neural activity

A

F

25
Q

promote hydrogen ion secretion by gastric parietal cells, stimulate growth of gastric mucosa, & increase gastric motility

A

gastrin

26
Q

Sense signal & GRP is released from vagal nerves onto G cells

A

Local vagal reflex

27
Q

a syndrome where theres a gastrinoma where humans/dogs/ cats get duodenal ulcers b/c it is not responding feedback to stop & is continuously sending acid into the duodenum

A

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

28
Q

Secreted by I cells of duodenal & jejunal mucosa in response to presence of fatty acids, amino acids, & peptides

A

CCK

29
Q

Which hormone stimulates bicarbonate secretion and inhibition of gastric emptying?

A

CCK

30
Q

Secreted by S cells of duodenum in response to H ions & fatty acids
present in SI

A

Secretin

31
Q

secretion Stimulates secretion of pancreatic & biliary

A

HCO3-

32
Q

Secreted by K cells of duodenum & jejunum in response to glucose, amino
acids, & fatty acids

A

GIP

33
Q

Inhibits gastric H ion secretion & gastric emptying

A

GIP

34
Q

secreted by upper duodenum during fasting; increase GI motility, initieates interdigestive myoelectric complexes (move anything indigestible substances & bacteria to the colon) @ 90 min intervals

A

Motilin

35
Q

secreated by the pancreas in response to ingestion of carbs, proteins, & lipids; selfregulates pancreatic secretion (inhibits pancreatic secretion of HCO3- & enzymes)

A
36
Q

stimulates the liver to release stored glucose/glycogenolysis (breakdown of glucose) & gyuconeogenesis (making glucose)

A

Enteroglucagon

37
Q

secreted by L cells of SI in response to nutrients; stimulates insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells; inhibits glucagon secretion; decrease gastric emptying & inhibits appetite

A

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)

38
Q

t/f: GI paracrines act locally and enter circulation therafter

A

F

39
Q

secreted by D cells of GI mucosa in response to decreased luminal pH; inhibits secretion of other GI hormones & gastric H ion secretion

A

Somatostatin

40
Q

major secretion from H ion secreting area of stomach; stimulates H ion secretion by gastric parietal cells

A

Histamine

41
Q

VIP, GRP, Enkephalins, Neuropeptide Y, Substance P are examples of

A

postganglionic non-cholinergic parasympathetic neurons

42
Q

located in ventromedial nucleus (VPN) of hypothalamus

A

Satiety center

43
Q

located in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA)

A

Feeding center

Physio Exam 4 (Ana) (14 decks)

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