Lecture 51

Question 1

In metabolic acidosis, the respiratory compensation involves:

Answer 1

Hyperventilation

Question 2

The compensatory rule for metabolic acidosis states that for each 1 mEq/L decrease in HCO3, the PCO2 should:

Answer 2

Decrease by 1.3 mm Hg

Question 3

In chronic respiratory acidosis, renal compensation increases HCO3 by:

Answer 3

0.4 mEq/L per mm Hg increase in PCO2

Question 4

The fundamental principle of compensation is that the response:

Answer 4

• Moves in the same direction as the primary disturbance
• If the primary decreases so will the compensatory

Question 5

In metabolic alkalosis, the respiratory compensation involves:

Answer 5

Hypoventilation

Question 6

For metabolic alkalosis, the compensatory rule states that for each 1 mEq/L increase in HCO3, the PCO2 should:

Answer 6

Increase by 0.7 mm Hg

Question 7

In acute respiratory alkalosis, renal compensation decreases HCO3 by:

Answer 7

0.2 mEq/L per mm Hg decrease in PCO2

Question 8

The renal compensation for respiratory alkalosis typically includes:

Answer 8

Bicarbonate excretion

Question 9

How quickly does respiratory compensation typically begin?

Answer 9

Minutes

Question 10

The primary goal of respiratory compensation is to:

Answer 10

Minimize pH deviation

Question 11

In respiratory acidosis, renal compensation involves:

Answer 11

Bicarbonate retention

Question 12

Respiratory compensation for metabolic alkalosis includes:

Answer 12

Hypoventilation

Question 13

How long does full renal compensation typically take?

Answer 13

3-5 days

Question 14

In respiratory alkalosis, kidney response aims to:

Answer 14

Decrease bicarbonate

Question 15

how do you calculate the respiratory component of an acid base disturbance

Answer 15

PaCO2 change from 40 mmHg: multiply difference by 0.05, adjust pH accordingly.

Question 16

In metabolic acidosis, HCO3- is typically:

Answer 16

< 18 mEq/L

Question 17

Respiratory alkalosis is characterized by:

Answer 17

PaCO2 < 30 mmHg

Question 18

The primary indicator of acid-base disorder is:

Answer 18

pH

Question 19

Shock and prolonged vomiting typically cause:

Answer 19

Metabolic acidosis

Question 20

The Stewart approach considers pH as a:

Answer 20

Dependent variable

Question 21

a 2 year old rottie comes in due to vomiting, ph is 7.165, PCO2 is 32.3 and HCO3 is 11.1 what is the diagnosis

Answer 21

partially compensated metabolic acidosis

Question 22

a 10 year olf terrier comes in with IMHA, ph is 7.44, pco2 is 28.8, hco3 is 18.9 what is the diagnosis

Answer 22

Compensated chronic respiratory alkalosis

Question 23

a 2 year old lab comes in for acute anuria, ph is 7.2, pco2 22.6, hco3 is 8.4 what is the diagnosis

Answer 23

Partially compensated metabolic acidosis with respiratory failure

Question 24

Metabolic Acidosis Blood Profile:

Answer 24

Decrease pH, Decrease HCO3_, Decrease PCO2

Question 25

Metabolic Alkalosis Blood Profile:

Answer 25

IncreasepH, IncreaseHCO3_, IncreasePCO2

Question 26

Respiratory Acidosis Blood Profile:

Answer 26

Decrease pH, IncreaseHCO3_, IncreasePCO2

Question 27

Respiratory Alkalosis Blood Profile:

Answer 27

IncreasepH, Decrease HCO3_, Decrease PCO2

Question 28

In the non-respiratory pathway of Acidemia, what is the PRIMARY change?

Answer 28

DecreaseHCO3-

Question 29

What is the COMPENSATORY response in the non-respiratory pathway of Acidemia?

Answer 29

Hyperventilation

Question 30

In the respiratory pathway of Acidemia, what is the PRIMARY change?

Answer 30

IncreasePCO2

Question 31

What is the ACUTE compensatory response in the respiratory pathway of Acidemia?

Answer 31

Chemical buffering

Question 32

In the non-respiratory pathway of Alkalemia, what is the PRIMARY change?

Answer 32

IncreaseHCO3

Question 33

What is the COMPENSATORY response in the non-respiratory pathway of Alkalemia?

Answer 33

Hypoventilation

Question 34

In the respiratory pathway of Alkalemia, what is the PRIMARY change?

Answer 34

DecreasePCO2

Question 35

What is the CHRONIC compensatory response in both Acidemia and Alkalemia?

Answer 35

Renal regulation

Question 36

What is the standard formula for calculating the Anion Gap?

Answer 36

[Na+] + [K+] - [Cl-]

Question 37

What is the typical normal range for the Anion Gap?

Answer 37

8-12 mEq/L

Question 38

A high Anion Gap could potentially indicate:

Answer 38

Metabolic acidosis