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Anatomy 5 > Lecture 52: Hip and Knee Joints > Flashcards

Lecture 52: Hip and Knee Joints Flashcards

1
Q

true or false: only 1/2 of the fibular head fits into the acetabulum

A

true

this actually makes it more stable

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2
Q

where is the head of the femur not covered with articular cartilage?

A

the head of the femur is completely covered with articular cartilage, except over the fovea capitis femoris

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3
Q

what is the articular surface of the acetabulum?

A

the lunate surface

- this surface is covered in cartilage

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4
Q

what covers the floor of the acetabulum?

A

devoid of cartilage, contains a fibroelastic mass

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5
Q

where is the articular capsule of the hip joint thickest

A

along anterior and upper parts

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6
Q

circular fibers along the neck of femur

A

zona obicularis

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7
Q

largest strongest and widest ligament of the hip joint

A

iliofemoral ligament

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8
Q

describe the iliofemoral ligament

A
  • inverted Y shape
  • lies anteriorly
  • apex attached to AIIS
  • base attached to intertrochanteric line
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9
Q

what is the function of the iliofemoral ligament?

A

check hyperextension and external rotation

helps to maintain erect posture

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10
Q

base attached to teh superior ramus of pubis and obturator crest
apex blends with iliiofemoral ligament

A

pubofemoral ligament

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11
Q

what is the function of the pubofemoral ligament

A

check hyperextension, abduction, and external rotation

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12
Q

which ligament has a spiral arrangement?

A

ischiofemoral ligament

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13
Q

attached to ody of ischium below and behind acetabulum

fibers go up and laterally to attach to the femoral neck below the greater trochanter

A

ischiofemoral ligament

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14
Q

when does the ischiofemoral ligament become tense and what does it protect?

A

becomes tense during extension of femur

checks hyperextension and internal rotation

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15
Q

attached to the fovea capitis by its base to the transverse ligament, covered by synovial membrane

A

ligament capitis femoris

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16
Q

when does the ligament capitis femoris become tense

A

when the flexed thigh is adducted

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17
Q

fibrocartilaginous rim attached to the margin of acetabulum

A

acetabular labrum

-functions to make the opening more narrow

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18
Q

continuation of acetabular labrum across the acetabular notch, containing no cartilage cells

A

transverse acetabular ligament

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19
Q

what arteries supply the head of the femur

A

the retinacular arteries

branches of medial and lateral circumflex arteries from the profunda/deep femoral a.

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20
Q

which type of hip fracture is more likely to lead to necrosis?

A

subcapital (below head) fracture because it breaks vessels to head

the basal fracture occurs at the base of the neck

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21
Q

what is the largest joint in the body?

A

knee

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22
Q

what type of joint is the knee joint

A

structurally resembles a hinge joint, but allows rotation and gliding movement

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23
Q

joint between tibia and femur

A

hinge joint with rotatory movement possible = condyloid joint

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24
Q

joint between patella and femur

A

plane gliding joint

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25
Q

joint between patella and tibia

A

NOPE

26
Q

what encloses the patella

A

quadriceps tendon

27
Q

from patella to tuberosity of tibia

A

patellar ligament

28
Q

extends from lateral epicondyle of femur to head of fibula

A

lateral collateral ligament/fibular collateral ligament

29
Q

covered by tendon of biceps femoris

A

LCL

30
Q

not attached to lateral meniscus =

firmly attached to medial meniscus =

A

LCL

MCL

31
Q

tendon of the popliteus is _________ to the LCL

A

deep

32
Q

found on both sides of the LCL

A

biceps tendon divides to go on both side of the LCL ligament

33
Q

extends from medial epicondyle of femur below the adductor tubercle to the medial surface of the tibia

A

MCL/tibial collateral ligament

34
Q

both collateral ligaments become tight during __________ and stabilize the knee joint

A

extension

35
Q

the MCL is crossed by tendons of the ________

A

gracilis
semitendious
sartorius
= pes anserinus

36
Q

the oblique popliteal ligament is an expansion of …

A

the tnedon of semimebranosus muscle

37
Q

what is the function of the oblique poplitealligamnet

A

strengthens the posterior aspect of the joint capsule

38
Q

fibers fo from medial condyle of tibia to lateral condyle of femur

A

oblique popliteal ligament

- forms part of the floor of popliteal fossa and the popliteal vessels rest on it

39
Q

arches medially over tendon of popliteal muscle to attach to intercondylar area of tibia and to the fibular head

A

arcuate popliteal ligament

40
Q

deep fibers of the capsule attached to the menisci

A

coronary ligament

41
Q

5 intra-articular ligaments within the capsule with attach tibia to femur

A

transverse ligament
anterior and posterior meniscofemoral
ACL
posterior cruciate

42
Q

connect the two menisci of knee anteriorly

A

transverse ligament

43
Q

travel obliquely from the lateral menisci to the medial femoral condyle

A

anterior and posterior meniscofemoral

44
Q

the cruciate ligaments are named according to their…

A

tibial attachments

45
Q

from anterior itnerchondral fossa to lateral condyle of femur

A

ACL

46
Q

what is the purpose of the cruciate ligaments

A

stop hyperextension at the knee

47
Q

which cruciate is longer?

A

ACL but also weaker

48
Q

from posterior interchondral fossa to the medial condyle of femur

A

stops hyperflexion at the knee

49
Q

C-shaped lamellae of fibrocartilage that are interposed between femoral and tibial condyles and attached to tibial condyles

A

mesinisci of knee joint

50
Q

function of the menisci of knee

A

deepen the articular surfaces

51
Q

what is the blood supply to the knee joint

A

middle genicular artery penetrates the capsule and supplies intercondylar structures

52
Q

synovial fluid escapes into popliteal fossa

A

bakers cyst

53
Q

most common knee injury

A

ligament sprain

54
Q

unhappy triad cause

A

hit on lateral knee

55
Q

damaged structures in unhappy triad

A

MCL
medial meniscus
ACL

56
Q

positive anterior drawer test

A

ACL tear

57
Q

skiing accident v. car accident

A

skiing more likely ACL

car more likely PCL

58
Q

positive posterior drawer test

A

PCL tear

59
Q

genu varum

A

bow leg (decreased Q angle)

60
Q

genu valgus

A

knock knee (increased Q angle)

61
Q

how many of the 12 bursae around the knee joiint communicate with the knee joint

A

four

Anatomy 5 (6 decks)

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