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Anatomy 5 > Lecture 44: Gluteal Region > Flashcards

Lecture 44: Gluteal Region Flashcards

1
Q

when and from which regions does the upper limb develop?

A

4th week

C5-T1 levels

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2
Q

when and from which regions does the lower limb develop?

A

5th week

L2-S2 levels

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3
Q

where is the primitive great toe/thumb located?

A

superior aspect of the buds

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4
Q

which direction are the soles/palms directed?

A

medially

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5
Q

when does the opposite direction torsion of limbs occur?

A

7th week

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6
Q

the lower limbs rotate…

the upper limbs rotate….

A

lower: rotate medially
upper: rotate laterally

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7
Q

2 hip bones together

A

pelvic girldle

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8
Q

pelvic girdle, sacrum and coccyx bound together by ligmanents

A

bony pelvis

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9
Q

how far up does the iliiac crest reach on the spine

A

reaches superiorly up to the 4th lumbar vertebra (disc between 4th and 5th L) and extends from ASIS to PSIS

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10
Q

attachment site for posterior sacroiliac ligament

A

PIIS

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11
Q

location of articulation with sacrum

A

auricular surface

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12
Q

between the greater and lesser sciatic notches

A

ischial spine

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13
Q

formed by the greater sciatic notch and sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments

A

greater sciatic foramen

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14
Q

passes through both the greater and lesser sciatic foramen

A

internal pudendal vessels and pudendal nerve

- goes out the greater and back in the lesser

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15
Q

structures that traverse greater sciatic foramen

A
  • Piriformis muscle
  • Superior gluteal vessels and nerve
  • Inferior gluteal vessels and nerve
  • Internal pudendal vessels and pudendal nerve
  • Sciatic nerve
  • Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
  • Nerve to quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus
  • Nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus
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16
Q

structures that traverse lesser sciatic foramen

A
  • internal pudendal vessels and pudendal nerve
  • tendon of obturator internus
  • nerve to obturator internus
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17
Q

formed by the lesser sciatic notch and the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments

A

lesser sciatic foramen

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18
Q

ischial tuberosity to sacrum

A

sacrotuberous ligament

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19
Q

sacrospinous ligament

A

ischial spine to sacrum

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20
Q

gluteus maximus O

A

sacrotuberous ligament
ilium (behind posterior gluteal line)
sacrum
coccyx

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21
Q

gluteus maximus I

A 
gluteal tuberosity
iliotibial tract (IT band)
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22
Q

gluteus maximus A

A

extend and lateral rotate thigh
rise from sitting position
running

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23
Q

gluteus maximus N

A

inferior gluteal n.

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24
Q

gluteus maximus B

A

superior and inferior gluteal a.

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25
Q

gluteus medius O

A

ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal line (below iliac crest)

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26
Q

gluteus medius I

A

greater trochanter of femur

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27
Q

gluteus medius A

A

abduction and medial rotation thigh

stops hip from sagging on unsupported side

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28
Q

gluteus medius N

A

superior gluteal n.

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29
Q

gluteus medius B

A

superior gluteal a.

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30
Q

gluteus minimus O

A

ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines

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31
Q

gluteus minimus I

A

greater trochanter of femur

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32
Q

gluteus minimus A

A

abduction and medial rotation

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33
Q

gluteus minimus N

A

superior gluteal n.

34
Q

gluteus minimus B

A

superior gluteal a.

35
Q

positive trendelenburg sign

A

damage to superior gluteal n.

  • observe waddling gait/ high steppage gait/ swing out gait
  • side opposite of damage will sag down
36
Q

piriformis O

A

anterior surface of sacrum (inside pelvis)

37
Q

piriformis I

A

greater trochanter (located partly in pelvis and partly in gluteal region)

38
Q

piriformis N

A

S1, S2

39
Q

piriformis A

A

lateral rotation of thigh

40
Q

obturator internus O

A

obturatior membrane and surrounding bone

41
Q

obturator internus I

A

greater trochanter

42
Q

obturator internus N

A

nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1, S2)

43
Q

obturator internus A

A

lateral rotation, extension and abduction of flexed thigh

44
Q

superior gemellus O

A

ischial spine

45
Q

superior gemellus I

A

tendon of obturator internus

46
Q

superior gemellus N

A

nerve to obturatior internus (L5,S1,S2)

47
Q

superior gemellus A

A

lateral rotation, extension, and abduction of flexed thigh

48
Q

inferior gemellus O

A

ischial spine

49
Q

inferior gemellus I

A

tendon of obturator internus

50
Q

inferior gemellus N

A

nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)

51
Q

inferior gemellus A

A

lateral rotation, extension, and abduction of flexed thigh

52
Q

quadratus femoris O

A

ischial tuberosity

53
Q

quadratus femoris I

A

intertrochanteric crest

54
Q

quadratus femoris N

A

nerve to quadratus femoris (L5,S1)

55
Q

quadratus femoris A

A

laterally rotate thigh

56
Q

artery branches covering the sacral plexus

A

the plexus as a whole is covered by branches of the internal iliac a.

57
Q

the major part of the sacral plexus lies on ….

A

the anterior surface of the piriformis muscle

58
Q

how do the large branches of the sacral plexus enter the gluteal region?

A

pass through the greater sciatic foramen

59
Q

spinal contribution to sacral plexus

A

L4-5 and S1-4

60
Q

EVERY plexus in the body is ___________ primary rami

A

ventral

61
Q

sympathetics in the sacral plexus?

A

each nerve contributing to sacral plexus receives postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the lower end of the sympathetic chain

62
Q

nerves originating from the posterior division of the sacral plexus (5)

A

C-PINS

common peroneal n.
posterior femoral cutaneous* n.
inferior gluteal n.
n. to piriformis
superior gluteal n.
63
Q

nerves origination from the anterior division of the sacral plexus (5)

A

TNNNP

tibial n.
n. to obturator internus
n. to quadratus femoris
n. to levator ani
pudendal n.
64
Q

extensor nerves v. flexor nerves

A 
extensor = posterior division of sacral plexus
flexor = anterior division of sacral plexus
65
Q

true or false: pelvic splanchnic n. (parasympathetics) are not a part of the sacral plexus

A

TRUE

66
Q

where does the superior gluteal n. exit

A

through the greater sciatic foramen above the piriformis muscle
***ALL OTHER branches of the sacral plexus that leave the pelvis do so below the piriformis muscle

67
Q

what muscles would be affected by injury to the superior gluteal n?

A

gluteus medius
gluteus minimus
tensor fasciae latae

68
Q

injury to this nerve would affect gluteus maximus muscle

A

inferior gluteal n.

69
Q

anterior division of sciatic nerve

A

tibial (L4-S3)

70
Q

posterior division of sciatic nerve

A

common peroneal (L4-S2)

71
Q

will injury to the sciatic nerve affect any muscles in the gluteal region?

A

No

72
Q

what is the cutaneous innervation of the gluteal region?

A

cluneal n.

73
Q

superior and medial cluneal nerves are branches of…. inferior cluneal is a branch of…

A

superior and inferior cluneal= dorsal primary rami

inferior cluneal = ventral primary rami (branch of post. femoral cutaneous)

74
Q

gluteal arteries originate from

A

internal iliac a.

75
Q

how do gluteal arteries enter the gluteal region

A

through the greater sciatic foramen

76
Q

what a. supplies the gluteus maximus, medius, minimus and the tensor fasciae latae

A

superior gluteal a.

77
Q

what a. supplies the gluteus maximus and the short lateral rotators of the thigh?

A

inferior gluteal

78
Q

what a. supplies the perineal region?

A

internal pudendal

79
Q

veins in the gluteal region are tributaries of what?

A

internal iliac vein

80
Q

what area is best for intragluteal injections?

A

superior lateral portion of butt

Anatomy 5 (6 decks)

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