Lecture 45+46: Gluteal Region and Posterior Thigh + Anterior/medial Thigh Flashcards
the femur is what portion of a person’s height?
1/4
angle of inclination at birth? adult? old?
140
126
120
angle is also less in females
emerge from the superficial ring to supply the proximal medial thigh with most branches going to the genital region
- genital branches of genitofemoral n. (L1-2)
- ilioinguinal n. (L1)
supplies skin over the femoral triangle ( proximal part of the anterior thigh)
femoral branch of genitofemoral (L1-2)
supplies the skin of the medial thigh
medial cutaneous branch of femoral n.
femoral n. = L2-4
supplies the skin of the distal anterior thigh
intermediate cutaneous branch of femoral n.
enters the thigh medial to ASIS and supplies the lateral thigh, lateral to the intermediate cutaneous branch of the femoral n.
lateral femoral cutaneous n. (L2-3)
note this is not a branch of the femoral n.
supplies the posterior thigh and popliteal region by coursing inferiorly into the thigh from the gluteal region
posterior femoral cutaneous n. (S1-3)
originates from sacral plexus
skin over the lower abdominal wall
superficial epigastric a.
- a branch from the femoral a.
proceeds laterally inferior to the inguinal ligament, parallels the cource of the deep circumflex iliac a.
superficial circumflex iliac a
- a branch from the femoral a.
most medial branch off the femoral a.
external pudendal a.
true or false: valves are more numerous in the thigh
FALSE valves are more numerous in the leg
traverses the _______ opening in the fascia lata to empty into the femoral vein ____________ to the inguinal ligament
saphenous; inferior
the great saphenous vein
where is the deep fascia of the thigh the thickest?
anterior and lateral parts of the thigh, especially at the iliotibial tract
where do the septa of the deep fascia of the thigh all attach>
at the linea aspera
action of the anterior compartment of the thigh
flexors of the hip and extensors of the knee
nerve of the anterior compartment of the thigh
femoral n.
O-I sartorius
O- anterior superior iliac spine
I- superior part of medial surface of tibia
O-I Rectus Femoris
O- anterior infrerior iliac spine
I- patella
O-I Vastus lateralis
O- linea aspera
I- patella
O-I vastus medialis
O- linea aspera
I- patella
O-I vastus intermedius
O- body of femur
I- patella
4 muscles in quadriceps femoris
rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius
O-I articularis genu
O- anterior part of the femur
I- synovial membrane of knee
O-I psoas major
O- lumbar vertebrae
I- lesser trochanter of femur
O-I iliacus
O- iliac crest and fossa
I- lesser trochanter of femur
O-I tensor fascia latae
O- anterior superior iliac spine
I- iliotibial tract
innervation to the tensor fascia latae
superior gluteal n.
NOT the femoral n., even though it is part of the anterior compartment
action of the medial compartment of the thigh
adductors
nerve of the medial compartment of the thigh
obturator n.
muscles of the anterior compartment of thigh (9)
sartorius (4) quadriceps femoris articualris genu iliopsoas (2) tensor fascia lata
muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh (6)
pectineus adductor longus adductor brevis adductor magnus (2 parts) gracilis obturator externus
O-I Pectineus
O- superior ramus of pubis
I- pectineal line of femur
Innervation to pectineus m.
femoral AND obturator nerves even though m. located in medial compartment
O-I adductor longus
O- body of pubic bone
I- linea aspera
O-I adductor brevis
O- inferior ramus of pubic bone
I- linea aspera
O-I adductor magnus (adductor part)
O- ischiopubic ramus
I- linea aspera
O-I adductor magnus (hamstring part)
O- ischial tuberosity
I- adductor tubercle of femur
nerve supply to the adductor magnus
adductor part- obturator n.
hamstring part- tibial n.
O-I gracilis
O- inferior ramus of pubis
I- superior part of medial surface of tibia
O-I obturator externus
O- Margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane
I- trochanteric fossa of femur
pes anserinus
attachment site to tibia of sartorius, gracilus and semitendinosus
action of the posterior compartment of the thigh
extend hip and flex knee
what is the only posterior compartment muscle that is not a hamstring?
short head of the biceps femoris
what is the common origin for the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh?
ischial tuberosity
what is the nerve of the posterior compartment of the thigh?
tibial n.
O-I biceps femoris long head
O- ischial tuberosity
I- fibular head
O-I biceps femoris short head
O- linea aspera
I- fibular head
what is the unique innervation the short head of the biceps femoris
NOT tibial n. like the rest of the posterior compartment
innervated by the common peroneal n.
O-I semitendinosus
O- ischial tuberosity
I- medial surface of the upper tibia
what are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?
superior: inguinal ligament
medial: medial border of adductor longus
lateral: medial border of sartorius
roof: fascia lata
floor: iliopsoas and pectineus m.
where do femoral hernias usually originate?
femoral ring (medial compartment of femoral sheath containing lymphatics and fat)
order medial to lateral the contents of the femoral triangle
lymphatics
femoral v.
femoral a.
femoral n.
two other names for the adductor canal
subsartorial canal
hunter’s canal
where is the adductor canal located and to where does it extend?
extend from the apex of the femoral triangle to the adductor hiatus in the adductor magnus muscle
it is essentially located under the sartorius m.
what are the boundaries of the adductor canal
anteriormedial: sartorius
lateral: vastus medialis
posterior: adductor longus and magnus
contents of the adductor canal
femoral a. and v.
saphenous n.
nerve to vastus medialis
when does the femoral n. break up into sensory and motor branches
while still in the femoral triangle
what are the sensory branches of the femoral n.? (3)
medial femoral cutaneous n.
intermediate femoral cutaeous n.
saphenous n.
travels through the adductor canal
it leaves the canal at its lower end to innervate the skin of the leg and foot
saphenous n.
when does the obturator nerve divide into an anterior and posterior division?
in the obturator foramen
the anterior division is in front of the adductor brevis; the posterior division is behind the adductor brevis
what does the anterior division of the obturator n. supply?
adductor longus
gracilis
adductor brevis
part of pectineus
what does the posterior diviison of the obturator n. supply?
obturator externus
adductor brevis
adductor magnus
enteres the thigh by passing below the inguinal ligmanet, lateral to the femoral vine
femoral a.
what is the femoral a. a continuation of?
external iliac a.
what is the obturator a. a continuation of?
internal iliac a.
what a. are involved in the cruciate anastomosis?
1st perforating a.
medial femoral cicumflex a.
lateral femoral circumflex a.
inferior gluteal a.
what are the boundaries to the popliteal fossa?
inferomedial and inferolateral: gastrocnemius m.
superolateral: biceps femoris
superomedial: semimebranous tendon
floor: popliteal surface of femur and posterior knee ligaments
what are the contents of the popliteal fossa?
termination of small saphenous v. popliteal vessels and branches tibial and common peroneal n. posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh popliteal lymph nodes and vessels
