Lecture 5: The Working Cell

Question 1

Energy is defined as ___.

Answer 1

The capacity to do work

Question 2

The energy stored in molecules is ___ energy for the cell.

Answer 2

Potential

Question 3

Energy that is being used is ___ energy. Examples include sunlight.

Answer 3

Kinetic

Question 4

Heat is caused by ___.

Answer 4

Friction between atoms or molecules.

Question 5

The distribution of energy, and the measurement of how random it is, is part of the ____.

Answer 5

Law of Entropy

Question 6

Energy cannot be created or destroyed. This is part of the ____.

Answer 6

Law of Conservation of Energy

Question 7

Energy found in an apple is ____ (potential or kinetic) energy.

Answer 7

Potential

Question 8

After you eat the apple, the energy from the apple is now ____ (potential or kinetic) energy.

Answer 8

Kinetic

Question 9

Energy can be converted from kinetic, to potential and back to kinetic energy. True or False.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

The 10% rule states that ____.

Answer 10

Between energy conversions, about 90% of the energy is lost as heat.

Question 11

All enzymes are made of ____.

Answer 11

Proteins

Question 12

The molecule an enzyme works on during the reaction is called a ____.

Answer 12

Substrate

Question 13

The end result of an enzymatic reaction are the ____.

Answer 13

End products

Question 14

What part of an enzyme attaches to the substrate?

Answer 14

Active site

Question 15

The shape of an enzyme determines its function. If you change the shape of an enzyme, you have ____ it.

Answer 15

Denatured

Question 16

Anything that slows down the activity of enzymes is called an ____.

Answer 16

Inhibitor

Question 17

What is a non-competitive inhibitor?

Answer 17

Anything that attaches to an enzyme, somewhere other than the active site.

Question 18

What is a competitive inhibitor?

Answer 18

Anything that attaches to the active site, and resembles the substrate.

Question 19

Molecules like ATP, NADH, NADPH and Acetyl CoA are called ____.

Answer 19

Coenzymes

Question 20

When you take large molecules and break them into smaller parts, the reaction is a ____ reaction.

Answer 20

Catabolic

Question 21

When you take smaller monomers and combine them into larger molecules, the reaction is a ____ reaction.

Answer 21

Anabolic

Question 22

Any reaction that requires an input of energy is called ____.

Answer 22

Endergonic

Question 23

Any reaction that releases energy is called ____.

Answer 23

Exergonic

Question 24

When describing photosynthesis, it is an example of a(n) ____ reaction.

Answer 24

Anabolic / Endergonic

Question 25

When describing cellular respiration, it is an example of a(n) ____ reaction.

Answer 25

Catabolic / Exergonic

Question 26

ATP can be combined to form ADP, and this is called phosphorylation. True or False.

Answer 26

False

Question 27

When atoms or molecules move from high to low concentrations, ____ diffusion has occurred.

Answer 27

Passive

Question 28

When atoms or molecules move against their concentration gradient, by using energy, ____ has occurred.

Answer 28

Active transport

Question 29

When atoms or molecules move from high to low concentrations, through an enzyme, ____ diffusion has occurred.

Answer 29

Facilitated

Question 30

A solution is made of two parts. Any molecule floating in solution is called a ____.

Answer 30

Solute

Question 31

A solution is made of two parts. The water in a solution is called the ____.

Answer 31

Solvent

Question 32

When comparing two solutions, when both solutions have equal concentrations of solute, they are ___ to one another.

Answer 32

Isotonic

Question 33

When comparing two solutions, the solution with more solvent (and less solute) is called ____.

Answer 33

Hypotonic

Question 34

When comparing two solutions, the solution with more solute (and less solvent) is called ____.

Answer 34

Hypertonic

Question 35

Water will always move towards a ____ solution.

Answer 35

Hypertonic

Question 36

When animal cells are placed into a hypertonic solution, they shrink. This is called ____.

Answer 36

Crenation

Question 37

When plant cells are placed into a hypertonic solution, chloroplasts move to the center of the cell. This is called ____.

Answer 37

Plasmolysis

Question 38

When animal cells are placed into a hypotonic solution, they swell (and can burst). This is called ____.

Answer 38

Hemolysis

Question 39

When plant cells are placed into a hypotonic solution, pressure builds up inside the cell. This is called ____.

Answer 39

Turgor

Question 40

Why can an animal cell burst in a hypotonic solution, and a plant cell cannot?

Answer 40

Plant cells have cell walls that prevent the membrane from bursting while animal cells do not.

Question 41

A cell consuming something is called ____.

Answer 41

Endocytosis

Question 42

Cellular “drinking” is referred to as ____.

Answer 42

Pinocytosis

Question 43

Cells can remove cholesterol from blood through ____.

Answer 43

Receptor-mediated endocytosis