Lecture 14: Introduction to Evolution Flashcards
Individuals have their own genes, and a population has a _____.
Gene pool
Individuals can be born, live their life, and die. However, populations can be _____ through time.
Immortal
A change in the gene pool of a population through time is called _____.
Evolution
Small scale genetic change of a population is called ____evolution.
Micro
Large scale phenotypic change of a population is called ____evolution.
Macro
Has species diversity increased or decreased through time?
Increased
Can evolution happen quickly, slowly and gradually, or both?
Both
Who eveloped “biogeography;” Independently came up with natural selection.
Alfred Russel Wallace
Who described fossils; first to hypothesis that closely related creatures share common ancestry; thought that species could change when they go to a new area.
Gorges-Louis Buffon
Who argued that species could “acquire” characteristics over their lifetime, and pass these to their offspring.
Jean Baptiste de Lamark
Who was the first to describe “uniformitarianism” and argued that tremendous change could occur over vast amounts of time.
James Hutton
Who wrote the first textbook on geology; renewed the argument of “uniformitarianism” and argued that organisms added to fossil depositions.
Charles Lyell
Who was an expert on animal anatomy; argued that fossils were extinct creatures; introduced the idea that “catastrophes” would lead to species change; introduced the “law of superimposition.”
Georges Cuvier
Who traveled on the Beagle; authored the theory of natural selection.
Charles Darwin
Who was an economist who authored “An Essay on Populations.”
Robert Malthus
Homologous features among organisms is the direct result of _____.
Shared ancestry or common descent
Humans share over 99% of genes with the chimpanzee, and about 75% of genes with fish. This is an example of _____.
Comparative genetics
What area of evidence do homologous features represent?
Comparative anatomy
Different species of desert pupfish, squirrels at the Grand Canyon, and the freshwater stingray in the Amazon are examples of ____.
Biogeography
Archaeopteryx remains are an example of _____.
Fossil record
What features lead to evolution?
Natural selection, mutation, competition, small population, immigration, etc.
What features prevent evolution?
A large population, random mating, population is isolated, etc.
