Lecture 11: Gene Regulation Flashcards
___ genes were one of the very first genes discovered, which regulate proteins associated with early eye and brain development.
PAX 6
___ genes are important for the early embryo for the development of proteins needed to define basic body parts, body regions, or body segments.
Master
___ genes help define and develop specific body segments after they are formed.
Homeotic
___ genes, when mutated, has been shown to cause fruit fly antennae to become functional legs.
Homeobox
What is the LAC Operon?
An operon or a group of genes with a single promoter that encodes genes for the transport and metabolism of lactose
When RNA polymerase is recruited to the DNA, it first attaches to the ___ region. This is the “binding site” for RNA polymerase.
Promoter Region
The repressor protein attaches to the ____.
Operator Region
Collectively, what do the “structural genes” do?
Break apart lactose
What do the “regulator genes” do?
Produce repressor proteins
Does lactose stimulate the production of proteins to break them down?
No, it prevents the inhibition of proteins to break them down
When lactose is present, it attaches to the ____.
Repressor Protein
Lactose acts as a ____ inhibitor to the repressor protein.
Non-competitive
A buildup of phenylalanine is called ___
Phenylketonurea
Phenylalanine is normally converted to ___
Tyrosine
What group of macromolecules does galactose belong?
Carbohydrate
The enzyme ___ normally metabolizes and breaks down galactose.
Galt
A mutated GALT enzyme is the cause of the condition called ___
Galactosemia
Where is hemoglobin found in your body?
Red blood cells
Hemoglobin is a protein that ____.
Carries oxygen and carbon dioxide
The hemoglobin molecule is made of ____ (number) of monomers, forming a quaternary shape.
Four
In the second polypeptide chain, if the 6th codon (that codes for glutamic) acid is changed to code for ____, it results in a genetic disease.
Valine
When the hemoglobin molecule is mutated, the genetic disease called ____ can occur.
Sickle-cell anemia
