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Kinesiology Exam One > Lecture 5: Scapula and Shoulder > Flashcards

Lecture 5: Scapula and Shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

Shoulder complex needs to be able to provide mobility while at the same time supply stability to position hand in space where it can be effective at tasks

A

Dynamic stability concept

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2
Q

T/F: shoulder complex provides both stability and mobility

A

true

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3
Q

Orients the glenoid fossa and provides stable base for ball and socket movements of glenohumeral joint are two functions of the _____.

A

scapula

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4
Q

only bony connection of the UE to the trunk; plane synovial joint that allows gliding motions in 3 planes of motion; very strong joint capsule

A

sternoclavicular joint

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5
Q

What are the 3 ligaments in the sternoclavicular joint?

A
  1. sternoclavicular ligament
  2. costoclavicular ligament
  3. interclavicular ligament
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6
Q

What are the 2 ligaments in the acromioclavicular joint?

A
  1. acromioclavicular ligament

2. coracoclavicular ligament

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7
Q

Joint that maintains the relationship between the scapula and the clavicle

A

acromioclavicular joint

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8
Q

This joint is not a true anatomic joint, however, it does maintain a direct relationship of the scapula to the thorax as the scapula slides along the ribs

A

scapulothoracic joint

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9
Q

T/F: scapular stability is provided by structures that maintain integrity of adjacent joints as well as by the muscles that help to hold the scapula to the thorax

A

true

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10
Q

T/F: The glenohumeral joint has so much mobility, so it is at little risk for becoming unstable

A

False - higher risk bc of the extra mobility

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11
Q

Two functions of the ______ are

  1. deepen the curve of the glenoid fossa thus increasing the articular surface with the humeral head
  2. cushions the head of the humerus
A

glenoid labrum

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12
Q

What is this describing?

  1. taut superiorly and slack inferiorly in resting position
  2. laxity is necessary for the large excursion of joint surfaces
  3. trade off is that the laxity provides little joint stability
A

glenohumeral capsule

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13
Q

This glenohumeral ligament provides the important function of providing passive support of the upper limb against the force of gravity

A

coracohumeral ligament

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14
Q

What are the ligaments of the glenohumeral capsule?

A
  1. glenohumeral ligament
  2. coracohumeral ligament
  3. coracoacromial ligament
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15
Q

This glenohumeral ligament helps to form a secondary arch over the joint and prevents upward dislocation of the head of the humerus

A

coracoacromial ligament

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16
Q

Main function is to allow the smooth gliding of lower structures on upper structures without friction

A

bursae - specifically subdeltoid and subacromial

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17
Q

This protects the humeral head as well as the sensitive muscles, tendons, and bursar overlying the head from direct trauma; prevents dislocation of the humerus superiorly

A

coracoacromial arch (acromion and coracoacromial ligament)

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18
Q

Name the 7 movements of the scapula/shoulder

A
  1. elevation
  2. depression
  3. abduction (protraction)
  4. adduction (retraction)
  5. upward rotation (acromion process moves up)
  6. downward rotation (acromion process moves down)
  7. upward tilt (extreme hyperextension)
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19
Q

Scapular elevation, depression, abduction, and adduction are _________ motions

A

translatory (all points on the scapula moving along parallel lines)

20
Q

Scapular upward rotation and downward rotation are _______ motions.

A

rotary

21
Q

The two purposes of __________ _______ are

  1. maintain glenoid fossa in optimal position to receive head of the humerus increasing maximum ROM
  2. motion of scapula permits muscles acting on humerus to maintain good length-tension relationship
A

Scapulohumeral rhythm

22
Q

Out of a maximum 180 degrees of shoulder flexion or abduction, we really have _____ degrees of glenohumeral motion and ______ degrees of scapular motion

A

100-120 and 60

Overall ratio is 2:1 (2 degrees of humeral movement to 1 degree of scapular movement)

23
Q

Describe scapular movement on thorax (3 main steps) - scapulothoracic motion

A
  1. first 30 degrees of motion occurs through action at the sternoclavicular joint
  2. at 30 degrees of elevation of the clavicle, the costoclavicular ligament becomes quite taut and prevents further elevation of the clavicle
  3. when the lateral end of the clavicle rotates in this direction, it allows the scapula to rotate the final 30 degrees
24
Q

T/F: In therapy, it is important to know that the arm cannot be fully flexed without accompanying scapulothoracic motion

A

true

25
Q

T/F: if there is damage to the sternoclavicular ligament, the clavicle cannot elevate and therefore the scapula cannot begin to rotate

A

true

26
Q

Prime mover for abduction and upward rotation of the scapula; without this muscle, scapula will wing

A

serratus anterior

27
Q

Contraction of this muscle lifts the shoulder in elevation

A

trapezius

28
Q

Trap __ is a prime mover for the elevation of the scapula

A

Trap I

top portion of trap on the back of the neck

29
Q

Trap __ is a prime mover for the elevation and upward rotation of the scapula. It also assists with adduction of the scapula

A

Trap II

middle portion of trap on the lower neck and extending on the top of the shoulder

30
Q

Trap __ is a prime mover for adduction of scapula

A

Trap III

middle portion of trap across the upper middle of the back

31
Q

Trap __ is a prime mover for depression and upward rotation of the scapula. Also assists with adduction of the scapula

A 
Trap IV
(bottom portion of trap that extends down the back)
32
Q

This muscle is prime mover for adduction and also assists with downward rotation and elevation of the scapula

A

rhomboids

33
Q

This muscle is prime mover for scapular elevation

A

levator scapulae

34
Q

By pulling on the coracoid process, this muscle is prime mover for downward rotation and depression of the scapula

A

Pectoralis major

35
Q

Without both the ______ and _____ muscles, the scapula is positioned in downward rotation and wings quite substantially

A

serratus anterior and trapezius

36
Q

Trap III and rhomboids are _________ when scapula is adducting

A

agonists

37
Q

Traps I and II perform major ________ functions of the clavicle and scapula

A

stabilization

38
Q

Neutralizing muscles:

Elevation caused by traps __ and __ and rhomboids are cancelled out by depression of trap ___. Result is adduction

A

Traps 1 and 2; trap 4

Trap 1, 2, and 4 and rhomboids are neutralizing synergists

39
Q

Traps __ and __ upwardly rotate scapula whereas _____ downwardly rotate scapula. In adduction, these motions are neutralized.

A

2 and 4; rhomboids

All of the above are neutralizing synergists

40
Q

Trap __ is a prime mover for scapular adduction and ______ _____ is a prime mover for scapular abduction

A

trap 3; serratus anterior

They are antagonists

41
Q

two or more forces whose points of application occur on opposite sides of an axis and in opposite directions to produce rotation

A

force couples

42
Q

Force couple of trap 2 and 4:

as a force couple you would also get some adduction of the scapula in addition to upward rotation

A

elevation of trap 2 is canceled out by depression of trap 4

43
Q

Force couple of trap 2 and serratus

A

you would get upward rotation as well as elevation and abduction

44
Q

Force couple of trap 4 and serratus

A

upward rotation as well as abduction and depression

45
Q

T/F: It is only with action of all three muscles that pure upward rotation is achieved due to neutralizing synergies that cancel out other movements

A

True

Kinesiology Exam One (9 decks)

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