Lecture 4: Posture and Respiration

Question 1

What are some factors that influence posture?

Answer 1

health, body build, strength, gender, endurance, and kinesthetic awareness

Question 2

Which type of posture is unnatural and can impede blood flow?

Answer 2

Static posture

Question 3

Good posture is a state of _________ and _________ balance

Answer 3

Muscular and skeletal

Question 4

What type of posture is ever changing, difficult to assess, and individual patterns can be developed

Answer 4

Dynamic posture

Question 5

position in which you hold your body upright against gravity while standing, sitting, or lying down

Answer 5

posture

Question 6

T/F: Muscles that are active are dependent on where the Line of Gravity (LOG) falls

Answer 6

True

Question 7

If the LOG is in front of joint, anterior pull by gravity must be offer by pull of muscles ______________

Answer 7

posteriorly

Question 8

What is this describing?

• Side View
• Through mastoid process
• just in front of or through acromion process
• through hip joint or just behind
• just in front of center of knee joint
• through lateral malleolus

Answer 8

Normal erect posture

Question 9

What are some requirements of good posture?

Answer 9

good muscle flexibility, normal ROM in the joints, strong and balanced postural muscles, body awareness, endurance, good health

Question 10

Faulty relationship of parts of body, inadequate balance over the base of support, bones and joints become misaligned, increases normal wear of joints, increases stress on ligaments, causes poor balance over base of support

Answer 10

Poor posture

Question 11

Name some causes of poor posture

Answer 11

Lack of knowledge, poor habits, poor environment, injury or illness, weak muscles, decreased flexibility, neurological damage

Question 12

Name some types of poor posture

Answer 12

Chronic pain condition causes person to lean to one side; weakness (stroke), spasticity, scoliosis, kyphosis, lordosis

Question 13

Lateral deviation of spine

Answer 13

scoliosis

Question 14

increased posterior convexity of thoracic spine (hunchback)

Answer 14

kyphosis

Question 15

increase concavity in lumbar or cervical spine (big butt)

Answer 15

lordosis

Question 16

What are some ways that OTs can correct deficits in posture?

Answer 16

adapt environment, assistive devices, and activity modification

Question 17

The diaphragm and the external intercostals are muscles of ________ inspiration

Answer 17

relaxed

Question 18

T/F: Accessory muscle of inspiration participate in resting respiration

Answer 18

False

Question 19

Sternocleidomastoid, upper trapezius, scalenes, serratus anterior, pec major and minor, and latissimus dorsi are ________ muscles of inspiration

Answer 19

accessory

Question 20

T/F: Expiration is a passive process with no muscular activity

Answer 20

true

Question 21

Rectus abdominus, internal and external obliques, transverse abdomens, and internal intercostals are muscle of ______________

Answer 21

expiration

Question 22

Thorax enlarges in ____ planes with inspiration

Answer 22

3 (all three)

Question 23

What is this describing?

Diaphragm contracts, lungs are pulled downward filling with air, ribs flare outward, thorax enlarges

Answer 23

Inhalation

Question 24

What is this describing?

diaphragm relaxes and returns to resting position, lungs empty and are reduced in size, ribs lower, thorax relaxes

Answer 24

Exhalation

Question 25

Deep inspiration, hold (close glottis), and forced expiration are the 3 stages of what?

Answer 25

coughing

Question 26

What is the OT’s role in facilitating normal breathing?

Answer 26

core strengthening, positioning, posture, increase joint ROM, teaching coughing and diaphragmatic breathing; adapt work/home environment as needed