Lecture 5- NDT Flashcards
What are the two popular neuromotor training approaches?
- Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF)2. Neuro-development Treatment (NDT)
T/F - patients who demonstrate sufficient recovery and consistent voluntary movement controls WOULD benefit from an intensive hands-on training approach?
False - these patients are candidates for functional task-oriented training that emphasizes active control.
What patients are good candidates for hands-on guided therapy approach(s)?
- stroke or TBI patients who are early in recovery and have limited voluntary movement abilities.
When using hands-on guided approaches with your patient when do you know when its time to progress to more functional task-oriented training focused on active control?
- once the patient develops adequate voluntary control.
Interventions organized around a __________ goal are the best way to promote function versus targeting a specific impairment.
behavioral
Remediate impairments through ___________ ______.
functional activity
What are the (6) neuromuscular facilitation techniques?
- resistance- quick stretch- tapping/repeated quick stretch- prolonged stretch- joint approximation- joint traction
What is facilitation?
refers to the enhanced capacity to initiate a movement response through increased neuronal activity and altered synaptic potential.
What is activation?
refers to the actual production of a movement response and implies reaching a critical threshold level of neuronal firing.
What is inhibition?
- refers to the decreased capacity to initiate movement response through altered synaptic potential.- the synaptic threshold is raised, making it more difficult for the neuron to fire
What is neuromuscular facilitation?
refers to facilitation, activation, or inhibition of muscle contraction and motor response
What are the (7) sensory stimulation techniques?
- maintained pressure- slow, repetitive stroking- light touch- neutral warmth- prolonged cooling- slow vestibular stimulation- rapid vestibular stimulation
What patient would benefit from biofeedback?
- patients with server motor weakness (asset in regaining neuromuscular control)- patients who exhibit weak (trace, poor, or fair) muscle grades- patients with deficient sensory feedback systems
Biofeedback MUST be paired with __________ training.
functional
What can be used to re-educate muscle, improve ROM, decrease edema and treat disuse atrophy?
neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)
T/F - NMES is effective in reducing spasticity by stimulating antagonist muscles?
true
When using NMES where are the electrodes to be placed?
directly over the muscle to be stimulated
The device can be used for foot drop or with ergometry (biking) in SCI that is programmed in sequence to improve functional movements?
functional electrical stimulation (FES)
T/F - FES can be used for restorative or compensatory treatment strategies?
true
In neuro-developmental treatment (NDT) ________ control is the foundation for all skilled learning.
postural
How do patients learn postural control and movement according to the neuro-developmental treatment (NDT) approach?
- through a sequence of progressively ore challenging postures and activities.
What are the shoulder pelvis hands and feet important in the NDT approach?
- they are key points of control used in physical handling techniques.
T/F - NDT use both feedback and feed-forward mechanisms to support postural control?
true
T/F - NDT avoids compensatory training strategies?
true
With NDT postural alignment and stability are ___________ while ________ synergy movements are _______.
facilitated; abnormal; inhibited
This intervention strategy is to help the patient perform an old task in a new way.
compensatory intervention strategy
What types of patients should you be using compensatory strategies with?
- when recovery is limited- if patient has severe impairments with little or no expectations for recovery- SCI, stroke patient who also has Alzheimer’s
(3) goals/outcomes when using compensatory intervention strategy for promoting independence?
- energy conservation techniques are taught- patient’s environment is adapted appropriately- assistive devices are incorporated as needed
If your patient has recovery potential should you use compensatory intervention strategies?
no
