Lecture 2-motor learning strategies Flashcards
When starting to develop strategies for your patients plan of care what 4 things do you need to consider and/or determine?
- the patients current status- the goals- the ICF model- the stages of motor learning
Describe the 4 categories of the ICF model?
health condition - disease, disorder, injuryimpairments - problem in body functionactivity limitations - difficulty executing task/actionsparticipation restrictions - problem in involvement of life situations and social interactions
Most neuro rehab is focused on this category of the ICF model.
activity limitations
________ training frequently forms the basis of the physical rehabilitation plan of care.
functional
What is described as activity-based and task oriented training/interventions?
functional training
Functional training should be ________ and shape to the patients capabilities and integrate active _______ strategies.
intensive; learning
What are the 3 (stages or phases) motor learning strategies?
- cognitive phase2. associated phase3. autonomous phase
The goal of the cognitive stage is to?
facilitate task understanding and organize early practice
The goal of the associated stage is?
motor strategies/movements are refined with high levels of practice
The autonomous stage is characterized by?
motor performance that is largely automatic, after considerable practice
During this stage of motor learning the PT should highlight the purpose of the skill and model the skill exactly as it should be done so the learner can develop a _________ of ___________.
reference of correctness; cognitive stage
During this stage of motor learning the PT should point out similarities to other motor programs and use _______ movements to assist the patient through the task.
guided movements; cognitive stage
When should feedback be given, what type of practice, and environment should the PT plan to use if the patient is in the cognitive stage of motor learning?
feedback - precise feedback on every trial, visual is importantpractice - blocked (repeated) of same taskenvironment - structured (closed)
During what stage of motor learning do you want to allow for trial and error learning AKA _________ learning.
discovery learning; cognitive stage
At what stage of motor learning are guided movements not productive?
in associated stage
When should feedback be given, what type of practice, and environment should the PT plan to use if the patient is in the associated stage of motor learning?
feedback - for consistent errorspractice - variable practice orderenvironment - progress towards open, changing environments
In what stage should the PT focus on proprioceptive feedback that encourage the patient to “feel the movement?”
associated stage
At what stage of motor learning should you decrease the external feedback; verbal and visual.
associated stage
At what stage of motor learning should the PT allow the patient to self-evaluate?
autonomous stage
At what stage of motor learning should the PT consider using distractors and _____-_______ situations?
multi-tasking; autonomous stage
When should feedback be given, what type of practice, and environment should the PT plan to use if the patient is in the autonomous stage of motor learning?
feedback - only occasional feedback on evident errorspractice - focus on competitive aspects of skills as appropriateenvironment - variable environments and varied tasks
Many patients don’t get to this stage therefore, the PT needs to get the ______ and/or _____ involved to help the patient.
family, staff; autonomous stage
Proprioceptive, visual, vestibular, and cutaneous signals are types of _________ ________.
intrinsic feedback
Visual (mirror/model), auditory (verbal cues), tactile cueing and biofeedback are types of _________ ________.
extrinsic feedback
What type of feedback happens naturally as a result of movement?
intrinsic feedback
T/F - feedback is a critical for motor learning.
true
When is concurrent feedback given?
during the movement
When is terminal feedback given?
at the end of a task performed
When is summary feedback given?
after a set number of trails
Feedback given about the end result produced in relation to the goal is called?
knowledge of results (KR)
Feedback given about the nature or quality of movement is called?
knowledge of performance (KP)
What is blocked feedback?
one source of feedback about the same segment on consecutive trials
What is variable (random) feedback?
- comes from multiple sources- toward difference segments on successive trials- can overload a patient
What is the difference between blocked order and serial order and random order of practice?
- blocked is repeated practice of single task or group of tasks- serial is a predicable and repeating order of multiple tasks.- random is non repeating and non predictable practice order.
What is the difference between massed practice and distributed practice?
massed - rest time is much less than practice timedistributed - practice time is equal to or less than rest time
What is a lead-up activity?
a simpler task version or component part of a larger more complex task
Trial and error learning is only successful if the patient is challenged to _____ about the ________.
think, movement
To promote autonomy it is important to begin and end each therapy session with a ________ and __________ movement experience for the patient.
positive, successful
When promoting autonomy it is important to communicate effectively, develop rapport, support the patient in _________ planning.
collaborative
Understanding the patients sense of self-efficacy means?
sensing their belief that they can do it!
