Lecture 5 - Head and Neck

Question 1

Where is the glabella

Answer 1

between the eyebrows on the skull

Question 2

Calvaria

Answer 2

Made up of bones of neurocranium - frontal, parietal and occipital

Question 3

How is the calvaria formed?

Answer 3

intramembranous ossification

Question 4

Why is the Calvaria shape important?

Answer 4

Convex shape resists impact

Question 5

Do the cranial bones articulate in the newborn?

Answer 5

No. They do not articulate to allow for passage of the head through the birth canal and accommodate the growth of the brain.

Question 6

Fontanelles are

Answer 6

soft spots, membrane covered parts of the skull where sutures will form. Fontanelles usually exist in the skull util about 7-19 months

Question 7

Bulging or tense fontanelles may indicate?

Answer 7

increased intracranial pressure.

Question 8

What are the 3 cranial fossae?

Answer 8

anterior, middle, posterior

Question 9

What makes up the anterior cranial base?

Answer 9

anterior made by frontal bone, crista galli and cribiform plate of ethmoid and lesser wings of sphenoid.

Question 10

The anterior cranial base contains?

Answer 10

frontal lobe, cranial nerve #1

Question 11

What makes up the posterior cranial base?

Answer 11

posterior made up by sphenoid, temproal and occipital bones. Contains occipital lobe, cerebellum, brainstem.

Question 12

What holes make up the posterior cranial base?

Answer 12

A number of holes can be found here, namely the foramen magnum, hypoglossal canal, jugular foramen and the internal auditory meatus.

Question 13

What makes up the middle cranial fossa?

Answer 13

made up by sphenoid and temporal bones
Contains sella tursica, chiasmic groove, optic canal, superior orbital fissure, forament torundum, foramen ovale, foramen spinosum, foramen lacerum and cavernous sinus

Question 14

What passes through the middle cranial fossa?

Answer 14

pituitary, optic, chiasm, optic nerve, niternal carotid arter and cranial nerves III, IV, V1, V2, VI

Question 15

What rests in the middle cranial fossa?

Answer 15

temporal lobe of brain rests in the middle fossa

Question 16

Sinuses and Air Cells can be found, where?

Answer 16

in the
ethmoid, sphenoid, maxilla, frontal, temporal (mastoid air cells)
**All of these are potential sites of infection

Question 17

Where does the mandible articulate?

Answer 17

mandible articulates with the temporal bones at the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

Question 18

Mandible holds?

Answer 18

the lower row of the teeth in the gomphosis joint at alveolar processes

Question 19

gums/teeth are innervated by?

Answer 19

the inferior alveolar nerve

Question 20

1/5 facial injuries involve?

Answer 20

mandibular fracture

Question 21

temporomandibular joint?

Answer 21

a synovial joint with an articular disc. Articulate b/w the condylar portion of the mandible and mandibular fossa and articular tubercle of the temporal bone.

Question 22

TMJ innervated by?

Answer 22

the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve

Question 23

Hyoid bone

Answer 23

u-shaped bone that is suspended by the stylohyoid ligaments from the styloid processes of the temporal bones.
It has a body, 2 lesser cornua and 2 greater cornua

Question 24

The hyoid bone is the only bone in the body that..

Answer 24

does not articulate with another bone

Question 25

What is an attachment point for muscles responsible for speech and swallowing?

Answer 25

the hyoid bone

Question 26

What 7 bones make up the bony orbit?

Answer 26

frontal, maxillary, ethmoid, sphenoid, lacrimal, zygomatic and palantine

Question 27

visocranium is

Answer 27

face

Question 28

Nares

Answer 28

nostrils open up into the nasal cavity which is lined with mucosa

Question 29

lateral wall of the nasal cavity has?

Answer 29

bumpy projections which are the conchae (turbinates)

Question 30

The superior and middle conchae are part of which bone?

Answer 30

the ethmoid bone

Question 31

The inferior conchae are?

Answer 31

individual bones

Question 32

The roof of the nasal cavity contains receptors from which nerve?

Answer 32

olfactory nerve

Question 33

The two nostriles are separated by what are the midline?

Answer 33

nasal septum. | This consists of the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid, the vomer and cartilage - all of which are covered in mucus

Question 34

What do the conchae do?

Answer 34

they warm and filter inhaled air and the mucosa serves and immune function by trapping foreign particles and exposing them to antigen presenting cells

Question 35

sutures are?

Answer 35

fibrous joints between the bones of the skull

Question 36

coronal suture

Answer 36

between frontal and parietal bones

Question 37

sagaittal suture

Answer 37

between parietals

Question 38

lambdoidal suture

Answer 38

between parietal and occiput

Question 39

squamosal suture

Answer 39

between the parietal and temporal

Question 40

bregma suture

Answer 40

junction of the corona and sagittal sutures

Question 41

lamda suture

Answer 41

junction b/w the lamdoidal and sagittal sutures

Question 42

pterion suture

Answer 42

junction of the frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid bones

Question 43

sutural ligaments that connect the cranial bones are the remaining

Answer 43

unossified sheets of mesenchyme from intramembranous ossification

Question 44

Muscles of facial expression are innervated by

Answer 44

the facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 45

Muscles of facial expression are

Answer 45

sphincter muscles: orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris (they close things off when contracted) all the other muscles may be considered dilator muscles

Question 46

Muscles of mastication are innervated by?

Answer 46

the trigeminal nerve (CN V)

Question 47

What are the muscles of mastication?

Answer 47

temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid

Question 48

What are the movements of the jaw?

Answer 48

elevation, depression, protraction and retraction

Question 49

medial ptygoid

Answer 49

elevation and protusion

Question 50

lateral ptygoid

Answer 50

depression and protrusion

Question 51

temporalis

Answer 51

elevation and retraction

Question 52

masseter

Answer 52

elevation and protrusion (jut jaw forward)

Question 53

Anterior neck is divided into two regions

Answer 53

anterior triangle | posterior triangle

Question 54

anterior triangle of the anterior neck is bordered by

Answer 54

the sternocleidomastoid, the inferior border of the mandible and the anterior midline of the neck

Question 55

posterior triangle of the anterior neck is bordered by

Answer 55

the sternocleidomastoid, the clavicle and the trapezius

Question 56

What are the 7 muscles of deglutition/speech?

Answer 56

digastric, mylohyoid, sternohyoid, omohyoid (Anaya's favorites), cricothyroid, throhyoid, sternothyroid

Question 57

digastric anterior belly innervated by

Answer 57

trigeminal nerve

Question 58

digastric posterior belly innervated by

Answer 58

facial nerve

Question 59

mylohyoid innervated by

Answer 59

trigeminal nerve

Question 60

sternohyoid innervated by

Answer 60

ansa cervicalis

Question 61

omohyoid innervated by

Answer 61

ansa cervicalis

Question 62

cricothyroid innervated by

Answer 62

vagus nerve

Question 63

thyrohyoid innervated by

Answer 63

1st cervical nerve via the hypoglossal nerve

Question 64

sternothyroid innervated by

Answer 64

ansa cervicalis