Lecture 2 - The Thigh Flashcards by Piper Dobner

Muscles of the Anterior Group of the Thigh

Sartorius, Quadricps Femoris

Innervated by femoral n.

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Sartorius

A: flex thigh (hip), laterally rotate femur, flex leg (knee)
O: ASIS
I: medial surface of upper tibia
N: femoral n.

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Quadriceps Femoris

A: extend leg (knee), flex femur (rectus femoris)
O: rectus femoris - AIIS
    vastus lateralis - linea aspera
    vastus medialis - linea aspera
    vastus intermedius - upper ant femur
I: tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon
N: femoral n.

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Adductor Group of the Thigh

Adductor Magnus, Pectineus, Adductor Longus (just medial to gracilis), Adductor Brevis, Gracilis (Most medial of the addcutors)
Innervated by the obturator n. (except pectineus - femoral n)

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Pectineus

A: adduct, flex femur
O: pubis
I: linea aspera
N: femoral n.

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Adductor Longus/Brevis

A: adduct, flex femur
O: pubis
I: linea aspera
N: obturator n.

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Gracilis

A: adduct femur, flex leg
O: pubis
I: medial upper tibia
N: obturator n.

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Adductor Magnus

A: adduct femur, extend femur (hamstring)
O: pubis, ischium
I: linea aspera, adductor tubercle
N: obturator n and sciatic n

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Semitendinosus

A: extend femur (hip), flex, medially rotate leg (knee)
O: ischial tuberosity
I: upper medial tibia
N: sciatic n.

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Semimembranosus

A: extend femur (hip), flex and medially rotate leg (knee)
O: Ischial tuberosity
I: medial condyle of tibia
N: sciatic n.

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Biceps Femoris

A: LH - extend femur (hip), flex and laterally rotate the leg (knee)
SH- flexand laterally rotate the leg (knee)
O: LH - ischial tuberosity
SH - linea aspera
I:head of fibula
N: sciatic n.

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Thigh muscles that flex the femur

rectus femoris, sartorius, pectineus, adductor longus, adductor brevis

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Thigh muscles that extend

adductor magnus, biceps femoris (LH), semitendinosus, semimembranosus

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Thigh muscles that adduct

pectineus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, gracilis, adductor magnus

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Thigh muscles that flex the knee

sartorius, biceps femoris (LH), semitendinosus, semimembranosus

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Movements of the knee

Flexion, Extension
Internal and external rotation
Sidebending - Varus (distal structure deviates medially - bowlegged)/ Valgus (distal structure deviates laterally)

Pes Anserinus

Goose’s Foot
Common Insertion of Sartorius, gracilis and semitendinosus
Medial tibia, deep fascia of the leg
Help stabilize knee posture during partial flexion of the knee

What is a common source of knee pain?

pes anserine bursitis is a common source of knee pain - usually seen in young, physically active individuals and older adults with osteoarthritis

What bones make up the knee

Femur (medial and lateral condyles)
Tibia (medial and lateral condylar articular surfaces, intercondylar eminence)
Patella (sesamoid bone - develops within tendon, acts as lever/pully surface)

What type of joint is the knee joint?

The knee is a synovial joint, covered by a fibrous articular capsule. It’s a pivot-hinge joint formed by 2 articulations:
One b/w the femur and the tibia
Another b/w the patella and femur

What are the important connective tissue structures of the knee?

2 - cruciate ligaments
2 - collateral ligamens
2 - menisci

Internal Knee Ligaments

Anterior cruciate ligament

Posterior cruciate ligament

Anterior cruciate Ligament

anterior tibia to inner surface of lateral femoral condyle

limits hyperextension of knee and posterior displacement of femur on tibia

Posterior cruciate ligament

posterior tibia to inner surface of medial femoral condyle

prevents anterior displacement of femur

External Knee Ligaments

Patellar ligament fibular collateral lig tibial collateral lig collateral ligaments

Patellar Ligament

continuation of quadriceps tendon, continues anteriorly from patella to insert on tibial tuberosity

Lateral (fibular) Collateral Ligament

lateral epicondyle of femur to head of fibula

Medial (tibial) Collateral Ligament

runs from the medial femoral condyle to the medial tibia, below the tibial condyle. Attached to medial meniscus and articular capsule

Collateral Ligaments

Limit medial and lateral rotation of the knee | Resist valgus and varus stresses

Medial and Lateral Menisci

c-shaped cartilages modified as articular discs attached to intercondylar area of tibia MM - attached to medial collateral ligament - these two are often injured together LM - not attached to LCL

What create the "Terrible Triad"

ACL, MCL, MM | Ruptured due to lateral force to knee with foot fixed in external rotation

Oblique Popliteal Ligament

Extension of the semimembranous Strengthens posterior articular capsule Forms the floor of the popliteal fossa

Knee Bursas

Suprapatellar - b/w femur and quadriceps femoris prepatellar - housemaid's knee Infrapatellar - clergyman's knee Baker's cyst - a swelling of the semimembranous bursa

Locking of the Knee occurs how?

When fully extended, the knee is locked by rotating the femur medially on the tibia, this is due to the lateral femoral condyle moving posteriorly in the lateral tibial condyle Flexion is prevented - the popliteus muscle is the only muscle that laterally rotates the femur on the tibia - enabling flexion.

What are vulerable during knee locking?

Both the medial and the lateral meniscus are compressed and vulnerable to injury