Lecture 2 - The Thigh

Question 1

Muscles of the Anterior Group of the Thigh

Answer 1

Sartorius, Quadricps Femoris

Innervated by femoral n.

Question 2

Sartorius

Answer 2

A: flex thigh (hip), laterally rotate femur, flex leg (knee)
O: ASIS
I: medial surface of upper tibia
N: femoral n.

Question 3

Quadriceps Femoris

Answer 3

A: extend leg (knee), flex femur (rectus femoris)
O: rectus femoris - AIIS
    vastus lateralis - linea aspera
    vastus medialis - linea aspera
    vastus intermedius - upper ant femur
I: tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon
N: femoral n.

Question 4

Adductor Group of the Thigh

Answer 4

Adductor Magnus, Pectineus, Adductor Longus (just medial to gracilis), Adductor Brevis, Gracilis (Most medial of the addcutors)
Innervated by the obturator n. (except pectineus - femoral n)

Question 5

Pectineus

Answer 5

A: adduct, flex femur
O: pubis
I: linea aspera
N: femoral n.

Question 6

Adductor Longus/Brevis

Answer 6

A: adduct, flex femur
O: pubis
I: linea aspera
N: obturator n.

Question 7

Gracilis

Answer 7

A: adduct femur, flex leg
O: pubis
I: medial upper tibia
N: obturator n.

Question 8

Adductor Magnus

Answer 8

A: adduct femur, extend femur (hamstring)
O: pubis, ischium
I: linea aspera, adductor tubercle
N: obturator n and sciatic n

Question 9

Semitendinosus

Answer 9

A: extend femur (hip), flex, medially rotate leg (knee)
O: ischial tuberosity
I: upper medial tibia
N: sciatic n.

Question 10

Semimembranosus

Answer 10

A: extend femur (hip), flex and medially rotate leg (knee)
O: Ischial tuberosity
I: medial condyle of tibia
N: sciatic n.

Question 11

Biceps Femoris

Answer 11

A: LH - extend femur (hip), flex and laterally rotate the leg (knee)
SH- flexand laterally rotate the leg (knee)
O: LH - ischial tuberosity
SH - linea aspera
I:head of fibula
N: sciatic n.

Question 12

Thigh muscles that flex the femur

Answer 12

rectus femoris, sartorius, pectineus, adductor longus, adductor brevis

Question 13

Thigh muscles that extend

Answer 13

adductor magnus, biceps femoris (LH), semitendinosus, semimembranosus

Question 14

Thigh muscles that adduct

Answer 14

pectineus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, gracilis, adductor magnus

Question 15

Thigh muscles that flex the knee

Answer 15

sartorius, biceps femoris (LH), semitendinosus, semimembranosus

Question 16

Movements of the knee

Answer 16

Flexion, Extension
Internal and external rotation
Sidebending - Varus (distal structure deviates medially - bowlegged)/ Valgus (distal structure deviates laterally)

Question 17

Pes Anserinus

Answer 17

Goose’s Foot
Common Insertion of Sartorius, gracilis and semitendinosus
Medial tibia, deep fascia of the leg
Help stabilize knee posture during partial flexion of the knee

Question 18

What is a common source of knee pain?

Answer 18

pes anserine bursitis is a common source of knee pain - usually seen in young, physically active individuals and older adults with osteoarthritis

Question 19

What bones make up the knee

Answer 19

Femur (medial and lateral condyles)
Tibia (medial and lateral condylar articular surfaces, intercondylar eminence)
Patella (sesamoid bone - develops within tendon, acts as lever/pully surface)

Question 20

What type of joint is the knee joint?

Answer 20

The knee is a synovial joint, covered by a fibrous articular capsule. It’s a pivot-hinge joint formed by 2 articulations:
One b/w the femur and the tibia
Another b/w the patella and femur

Question 21

What are the important connective tissue structures of the knee?

Answer 21

2 - cruciate ligaments
2 - collateral ligamens
2 - menisci

Question 22

Internal Knee Ligaments

Answer 22

Anterior cruciate ligament

Posterior cruciate ligament

Question 23

Anterior cruciate Ligament

Answer 23

anterior tibia to inner surface of lateral femoral condyle

limits hyperextension of knee and posterior displacement of femur on tibia

Question 24

Posterior cruciate ligament

Answer 24

posterior tibia to inner surface of medial femoral condyle

prevents anterior displacement of femur

Question 25

External Knee Ligaments

Answer 25

Patellar ligament
fibular collateral lig
tibial collateral lig
collateral ligaments

Question 26

Patellar Ligament

Answer 26

continuation of quadriceps tendon, continues anteriorly from patella to insert on tibial tuberosity

Question 27

Lateral (fibular) Collateral Ligament

Answer 27

lateral epicondyle of femur to head of fibula

Question 28

Medial (tibial) Collateral Ligament

Answer 28

runs from the medial femoral condyle to the medial tibia, below the tibial condyle. Attached to medial meniscus and articular capsule

Question 29

Collateral Ligaments

Answer 29

Limit medial and lateral rotation of the knee

Resist valgus and varus stresses

Question 30

Medial and Lateral Menisci

Answer 30

c-shaped cartilages modified as articular discs
attached to intercondylar area of tibia
MM - attached to medial collateral ligament - these two are often injured together
LM - not attached to LCL

Question 31

What create the “Terrible Triad”

Answer 31

ACL, MCL, MM

Ruptured due to lateral force to knee with foot fixed in external rotation

Question 32

Oblique Popliteal Ligament

Answer 32

Extension of the semimembranous
Strengthens posterior articular capsule
Forms the floor of the popliteal fossa

Question 33

Knee Bursas

Answer 33

Suprapatellar - b/w femur and quadriceps femoris
prepatellar - housemaid’s knee
Infrapatellar - clergyman’s knee
Baker’s cyst - a swelling of the semimembranous bursa

Question 34

Locking of the Knee occurs how?

Answer 34

When fully extended, the knee is locked by rotating the femur medially on the tibia, this is due to the lateral femoral condyle moving posteriorly in the lateral tibial condyle
Flexion is prevented - the popliteus muscle is the only muscle that laterally rotates the femur on the tibia - enabling flexion.

Question 35

What are vulerable during knee locking?

Answer 35

Both the medial and the lateral meniscus are compressed and vulnerable to injury