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Human Physiology 2 - Unit 1 - Zach H. > Lecture 5: General Sensory Mechanisms II > Flashcards

Lecture 5: General Sensory Mechanisms II Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three physiological types of somatic senses?

A
  • mechanoreceptive somatic senses
    • include both tactile and position senses that are stimulated by mechanical displacement of some tissue of the body
  • thermoreceptive senses
  • pain sense
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2
Q

Where do somatic sence receptors collect sensory information from?

A

From all over the body.

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3
Q

What does special senses refer to?

A
  • vision
  • hearing
  • smell
  • taste
  • equilibrium
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4
Q

What is a exteroreceptive sensation?

A

A sensation from the surface of the body.

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5
Q

What does a proprioceptive sensation refer to?

A

Refers to physical state of the body.

  • position sensations
  • muscle and tendon sensations
  • pressure sensations
  • equilibrium
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6
Q

What type of sensations are deep sensations?

A
  • deep pressure
  • pain
  • vibrations
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7
Q

Where do primary sensory neurons come from, travel through, and synapse?

A
  • From external receptors
  • Travel through dorsal roots of spinal cord
  • Synapse with secondary neurons
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8
Q

What do secondary sensory neurons make up?

A

Make up tracts in spinal cord and brainstem.

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9
Q

In what anatomical structure do secondary sensory neurons usually terminate?

A

Thalamus

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10
Q

What neurons do secondary neurons synapse with?

A

Synapse with tertiary neurons.

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11
Q

What anatomical structure does tertiary neurons travel through?

A

Travel through the internal capsule.

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12
Q

Where are teritary neurons coming from and going to?

A

From thalamus to the primary sensory cortex.

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13
Q

What are the two systems that control conscious perception?

A
  • Spinothalamic system
  • Medial Lemniscal system
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14
Q

What are the four ascending pathways that control unconscious perception?

A
  • Spinocerebellar
  • Spino-olivary
  • Spinotectal
  • Spinoreticular
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15
Q

What are the two tracts of the spinothalamic system that are involved with conscious perception?

A
  • Lateral Spinothalamic Tract
  • Anterior Spinothalamic Tract
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16
Q

What type of afferent sensory signals are carried by the lateral spinothalamic tract?

A

Carries pain and temperature.

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17
Q

True or False:

In the lateral spinothalamic tract tertiary fibers ascend or descend 1-2 spinal cord segments before synapsing with secondary fibers.

A

False - primary fibers ascend or descend 1-2 spinal cord segments before synapsing with secondary fibers.

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18
Q

In which column of the spinal cord do secondary axons of the lateral spinothalamic tract travel in?

A

Lateral column of the spinal cord.

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19
Q

What do secondary axons in the lateral spinothalamic tract decussate through?

A

Anterior gray and white commissures.

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20
Q

What does decussate mean?

A

Crossing-Over

21
Q

In the brainstem, which fibers join the secondary fibers of the lateral spinothalamic tract?

A

Fibers of the trigeminothalamic tract.

**carry pain and temperature from the face and teeth**

22
Q

You know that secondary fiber collaterals from the lateral spinothalamic tract project to reticular formation. What do they stimulate?

A
  • Wakefulness
  • Consciousness
23
Q

Where do secondary fibers from the lateral spinothalamic tract synapse with tertiary fibers at?

A

Ventral Posterolateral (VPL) nucleus of thalamus.

24
Q

Where do the tertiary fibers (corticopetal fibers) of the lateral spinothalamic tract synapse at?

A

Postcentral Gyrus

**somatic sensory areas 3, 1, 2**

25
Q

True or False:

Tertiary fibers form part of the internal capsule.

A

True

26
Q

True or False:

Secondary fibers project to ventral posterolateral (VPL) nucleus of the thalamus.

A

True

27
Q

What do afferent sensory neurons of the anterior spinothalamic tract carry?

A
  • Light Touch (crude touch)
  • Pressure
  • Tickle
  • Itch
28
Q

How far can primary neurons of the anterior spinothalamic tract ascend in the spinal cord before synapsing with secondary neurons?

A

Primary neurons may ascend 8-10 spinal cord segments before synapsing with secondary neurons.

29
Q

True or False:

Secondary fibers from both the anterior spinothalamic tract and lateral spinothalamic tract synapse with tertiary fibers in the VPL nucleus of thalamus.

A

True

30
Q

In the anterior spinothalamic tract, do tertiary fibers ascend through internal capsule to the primary sensory cortex?

A

Yes

31
Q

What afferent sensroy signal does the medial lemniscus system (posterior column system) carry?

A
  • sensations for two-point sensation (fine touch)
  • pressure
  • vibration
32
Q

Where do primary fibers of the medial lemniscus system (posterior column system) ascend and synapse with secondary neurons at?

A

Primary fibers ascend entire length of spinal cord and synapse with secondary neurons in the medulla.

  • fasciculus gracilis
  • fasciculus cuneatus
33
Q

In the medial lemniscus system, where do fibers of the fasciculus gracilis synapse?

A

In nucleus gracilis.

34
Q

You know that in the medial lemniscus system fibers of the fasciculus gracilis synapse in the nucleus gracilis. What sensations does this route convey?

A

Convey sensations from below midthoracic level.

35
Q

In the medial lemniscus system, where do fibers of the fasciculus cuneatus synapse at?

A

In nucleus cuneatus.

36
Q

You know that in the medial lemniscus system fibers from the fasciculus cuneatus synapse in the nucleus cuneatus. What sensations does this route convey?

A
  • Convey sensations from above the midthoracic level.
  • Also covenys proprioceptive sensation from arms to cerebellum.
37
Q

Do secondary fibers in the medial lemniscus system decussate?

A

Yes

38
Q

Where do secondary fibers ascend to and synapse?

A

With tertiary fibers in the VPL of thalamus.

39
Q

True or False:

Tertiary fibers ascend through the internal capsule to the primary sensory cortex in the medial lemniscus system.

A

True

40
Q

What Brodmann’s areas make up the primary somatosensory area?

A

Brodmann’s areas 1, 2, and 3.

41
Q

Which Brodmann’s areas make up the somatosensory association area?

A

Brodmann’s areas 5 and 7.

42
Q

What does widespread bilateral excision of the somatosensory area I cause?

A
  • loss of ability to localize discretely the different sensations in the different parts of the body; crude localization is still possible.
  • loss of ability to judge critical degrees of pressure against the body.
  • loss of ability to judge weights of objects
  • loss of ability to judge shapes or forms (astereognosis).
  • loss of ability to judge texture of materials.

**NOTE: pain and temperature sense is still preserved but poorly localized**

43
Q

Where does the somatosensory area II receive signals from?

A
  • brainstem
    • transmitted upward from both sides of the body
  • secondarily from somatosensory area I
  • other sensory areas of the body
    • including visual and auditory

**NOTE: projections from somatosensory area I are required for function of somatosensory area II

**NOTE: removal of somatosensory II has NO apparent effect on response of neurons in somatosensory area I

44
Q

Where do layers I and II of the somatosensory cortex receive input signals from?

A

lower brain centers

45
Q

Where do layers II and III of the somatosensory cortex send information through and to?

A

Send information through corpus callosum to opposite hemisphere.

46
Q

What distant areas do large neurons in layer V of the somatosensory cortex project to?

A
  • basal nuclei
  • brainstem
  • spinal cord
47
Q

Where do axons from layer VI of the somatosensory cortex project to?

A

thalamus

48
Q
A

Human Physiology 2 - Unit 1 - Zach H. (9 decks)

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