Lecture 5: Gas Transport and Erythrocyte Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of erythrocyte?

A
  1. Carries oxygen to body
  2. Carries carbon dioxide to lungs
  3. Acid/base buffering
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2
Q

What matures into erythrocytes entering circulation?

A

Stem Cells –> Reticulocytes

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3
Q

What promotes production of red blood cells?

A

Erythropoietin (EPO)

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4
Q

Where is EPO produced?

A

Kidney

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5
Q

What promotes production of EPO?

A
Anemia
low Hb
Decreased RBF
Central Hypoxia 
Low blood flow/volume
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6
Q

What regulates erythropoiesis?

A

Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF)

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7
Q

Where do red blood cells “die?”

A

Spleen via macrophages

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8
Q

What happens to heme?

A

Option 1: Heme –> Ferritin –> bone

Option 2: Heme –> Bilirubin –> Feces

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9
Q

What are the two ways oxygen is transported in blood?

A
  1. Dissolved (inadequate)

2. Bound to hemoglobin

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10
Q

How many oxygen molecules are bound to 1 hemoglobin

A

4 oxygen molecules

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11
Q

What are the 4 heme sites found on a hemoglobin?

A

2 alpha

2 beta

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12
Q

What does a “left shift” in an oxygen dissociation curve mean?

A

Increased affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen

-increased oxygen saturation

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13
Q

What diseases have a “left shift” in an oxygen dissociation curve?

A

Polycythemia: extra RBC and increased blood volume
Methemoglobinemia: increased met-hemoglobin

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14
Q

What does a “right shift” in an oxygen dissociation curve mean?

A

Decreased affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen

-unloading oxygen

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15
Q

What diseases have a “right shift” in an oxygen dissociation curve?

A

Anemia

-can also think of exercise

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16
Q

With a “right shift” in an oxygen dissociation curve, there is also an increase in?

A

Increased Hydrogen (decreased pH)
Increased temp
Increased CO2 content
Increased 2,3-DPG

17
Q

Folate or B12 deficiency results in what?

A

Megaloblastic macrocytic anemia

18
Q

Poor B12 absorption leads to what?

A

Pernicious anemia

19
Q

What is microcytic anemia?

A

small RBC due to iron deficiency

20
Q

What is hypochromic anemia?

A

pale RBC due to deficienct transport of transferrin

21
Q

What is hemochromatosis?

A

Iron build up/overload

  • liver cirrhosis
  • skin pigmentation
  • diabetes
22
Q

What is the respiratory quotient?

A

RQ = [Vol of CO2 produced]/[Vol of O2 consumed]

23
Q

What is the RQ of carbs?

24
Q

What is the RQ of fats?

25
What is the RQ of protein?
0.9
26
How is carbon dioxide transported in blood?
1. Dissolved carbon dioxide (inadequate) 2. Carbamino compounds 3. As bicarbonate
27
What are carbamino compounds?
Compound composed by the addition of carbon dioxide with a free amino group
28
How is bicarbonate formed?
1. CO2 and Water ---> H2CO3 via carbonic anhydrase | 2. H2CO3 --> HCO3- + H+
29
What happens to hydrogen from H2CO3?
Buffered into red blood cells and carried in venous blood
30
What happens to HCO3 from H2CO3?
Exchanged for chloride across RBC and carried to lungs