DSA 4: Acid Base Physiology

Question 1

What is an acid?

Answer 1

Substance that donates a hydrogen ion (proton)

Question 2

What is a base?

Answer 2

Substance that accepts a hydrogen ion (proton)

Question 3

What is a strong acid?

Answer 3

Substance that will completely or almost completely dissociated into hydrogen ion and conjugate base

Question 4

What is the normal range of arterial oxygen?

Answer 4

80-100 mm Hg

Question 5

What is the normal range of arterial carbon dioxide?

Answer 5

35-45 mm Hg

Question 6

What is the normal range of arterial pH?

Answer 6

7. 35-7.45

* use 7.4 unless otherwise

Question 7

What is the normal range of arterial bicarbonate?

Answer 7

22-26 mEq/L

*use 24 mEq/L

Question 8

What is acidosis?

Answer 8

When pH is <7.35

Question 9

What is alkalosis?

Answer 9

When pH is >7.45

Question 10

Is bicarbonate an acid or base?

Answer 10

Weak base

Question 11

Increased bicarbonate will ____ pH.

Answer 11

Increase

Question 12

Decreased bicarbonate will ____ pH.

Answer 12

Decrease

Question 13

How does bicarbonate levels change?

Answer 13

Kidneys: reabsorb bicarbonate
GI: secretes bicarbonate

Question 14

Changes in bicarbonate are known as ____ disturbances.

Answer 14

Changes in bicarbonate are known as METABOLIC disturbances.

Question 15

Increased carbon dioxide will lead to what?

Answer 15

Acidosis: Increased hydrogen production and lower pH

*more CO2 —> H2CO3- —> H+ and HCO3-

Question 16

Decreased carbon dioxide will lead to what?

Answer 16

Alkalosis: less hydrogen and increased pH

Question 17

Changes in carbon dioxide are known as ____ disturbances.

Answer 17

Changes in carbon dioxide are known as RESPIRATORY disturbances.