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Clin Path (Owen-Fall 2014) > Lecture 5: Evaluation of Erythrocytes: RBC Indices > Flashcards

Lecture 5: Evaluation of Erythrocytes: RBC Indices Flashcards

1
Q

MCHC =

A

mean cell hemoglobin concentration. = (Hb/HCT) x 100 or (Hb/RBC * MCV) x 1000

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2
Q

increased MCV indication of

A

increased regenerative response = (Hct/RBC count) x 10

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3
Q

Which has higher avg. MCV: dog or cat?

A

dog (70 fL vs. 45 fL in cats)

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4
Q

What can falsely increase MCHC?**

A

hemolysis Heinz bodies and lipemia.

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5
Q

T/F: MCV increases slower than reticulocyte counts in response to hemolytic anemia

A

T

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6
Q

T/F: MCV may not increase outside the reference range in response to hemorrhage

A

T

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7
Q

macrocytosis is assoc. with what type of anemia?

A

regenerative anemia

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8
Q

spurious macrocytosis

A

autoagglutination of erythrocytes. Occurs with prolonged blood storage or persistent hypernatremia (elevated Na in blood)

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9
Q

possible causes of microcytosis in animals (5)

A
  • chronic Fe deficiency: causes microcytic hypochromic anemia**
  • portosystemic shunts
  • anemia of inflammatory disease
  • hepatic lipidosis in cats
  • Japanese dog breeds without anemia
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10
Q

What does microcytic mean?

A

low MCV

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11
Q

portosystemic shunt will normally cause what form of anemia?

A

microcytic normochromic anemia (decreased bloodflow to liver –> RBCs not formed correctly)

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12
Q

chronic inflammatory dz will normally cause what form of anemia?

A

normocytic normochromic. CAN be microcytic

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13
Q

T/F: anemia of chronic inflammatory disease is usually mild

A

T

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14
Q

Greyhounds have higher/lower amount of Hct than other dog breeds

A

higher. They make good blood donors

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15
Q

what can cause spurious microcytosis?

A
  • platelets counted in erythrocytes histogram in severely anemic patients
  • persistent hyponatremia (lower than normal salt in blood plasma) in dogs??
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16
Q

Things that can cause high MCHC

A
  • intravascular hemolysis
  • in vitro hemolysis
  • Heinz bodies within erythrocytes
  • Lipemia
  • Erythrocyte agglutination in electronic cell counters
17
Q

Low or high MCHC in chronic Fe deficiency anemia?**

A

low

18
Q

What can cause low MCHC?

A
  • regenerative anemia
  • chronic Fe deficiency anemia
  • hereditary stomatocytosis in dogs
  • Abyssinian and Somali cats with erythrocyte osmotic fragility
  • persistent hypernatremia
19
Q

anisocytosis has big/small RDW

A

big

20
Q

formula for RDW

A

(SD of erythrocyte volumes/MCV) * 100

21
Q

RDW

A

Red cell distribution width. coefficient of variation of erythrocyte volumes and an electronic measure of anisocytosis

22
Q

T/F: Fe is an essential to making Hb

A

T

23
Q

T/F: we excrete 97% of the Fe we consume in feces

A

T

24
Q

What can cause increased serum iron concentrations?

A
  • hemolytic anemia

- glucocorticoids in dogs and horses

25
Q

What can cause decreased serum iron concentrations?

A
  • Fe deficiency
  • anemia of inflammatory disease (body is sequestering)***
  • portosystemic shunts
  • glucocorticoids in cattle
26
Q

Q: Is serum iron concentration increased with iron overload?**

A

YES

27
Q

Q about anemia of chronic inflammatory disease.**

A

body has plenty of Fe but can’t access it. Body is trying to hide Fe from bacteria, but ends up depriving RBCs too

28
Q

serum ferritin conc. correlates with:

A

total body iron stores

29
Q

what can cause decreased serum ferritin conc.?

A

iron deficiency

30
Q

What can cause increased serum ferritin conc?

A
  • iron overload
  • hemolytic anemia
  • inflammation
  • histiocytic sarcoma complex
  • transientyl in exercising horses
31
Q

What happens when Hb gets oxidized?**

A

(Turns to Hb+3). Doesn’t bind oxygen because it’s already oxidized leading to methemoglobinemia

32
Q

What can cause cyanotic-appearing skin?

A
  • hypoxemia with low pO2 in arterial blood

- methemoglobinemia with normal pO2 in arterial blood

33
Q

Spot test

A

put drop of blood on white paper. If it looks brown, most likely methemoglobinemia

34
Q

Causes of methemoglobinemia

A

-administration or consumption of oxidant drugs (can also cause Heinz bodies**)
-hereditary erythrocyte metHb reductase deficiency
(anything that can cause Heinz bodies or oxidizing problems can cause MetHb!)

35
Q

Why does MetHb cause eccentrocyte formation?

A

When Hb oxidizes, it gets sticky and sticks to one half of the cell

36
Q

clinical signs of Methemoglobinemia

A

-cyanotic skin/MM
-exercise intolerance
-lethargy ataxia rapid heart rate/resp. rate
-coma like state
In cases of toxicity, GI symptoms/SQ edema may be present

Clin Path (Owen-Fall 2014) (6 decks)

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