lecture 5 - endomembrane system and bulk transport Flashcards
What does the endomembrane system include.
nuclear envelope, ER (smooth & rough), Golgi apparatus, vesicles, lysosomes, vacuoles, membranes
What are some key functions of sER.
detoxification, membrane synthesis, metabolises carbohydrates, stores calcium
What are some key functions of rough ER.
protein synthesis
What is the function of the Golgi complex
modifies, sorts, packages, transports proteins received from the ER to the plasma membrane
What is the purpose of tagging vesicles that leave the Golgi complex?
to direct vesicles leaving the trans face to the correct targets
What are the 2 faces of the golgi and which face does the vesicles from ER arrive at the Golgi.
cis and trans face: vesicles arrive at the cis face
What occurs at glycosylation.
addition of carbohydrates to proteins received from rER
creates glycoproteins
What are the 3 stages of the Golgi.
Glycosylation, sorting proteins, directing vesicle trafficking
What are the structural differences of sER and rER?
rER have ribosomes attached to them
Describe the difference between constitutive exocytosis and regulated exocytosis.
constitutive exocytosis is a continuous process (releases extracellular matrix proteins)
regulated exocytosis is controlled by signals (releases hormones & neurotransmitters)
Phagocytosis involves uptake of food particles. This process involves the formation of what?
forms a phagocytic vacuole which is digested by the lysosomes
Name the process where the cells take up bulk quantities of specific substances which may be present at only low concentrations in the extracellular fluid.
receptor-mediated endocytosis (specialised form of pinocytosis)
Cells transport material out of the cell through a process called?
exocytosis
The interior of a lysosome is acidic. Why?
acidic - required for the hydrolytic enzymes to be active
What are some key functions of lysosomes.
digest and recycle unwanted cellular materials (autophagy)
lysosomal digestion for programmed cell death
