Lecture 3 - building blocks Flashcards
What are the building blocks in biological molecule?
amino acids, nucleobases, simple carbohydrates, glycerol & fatty acids, hydrocarbon rings
What macromolecule correspond to the nucleobases?
DNA, RNA
What are the building blocks of proteins?
amino acids
What building block correspond to complex carbohydrates?
simple carbohydrates
What are the 4 macromolecules?
polysaccharides, nucleic acids, proteins, lipids
What are the 4 ‘levels’ of carbohydrates?
monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides
The single unit building blocks of carbohydrates are called what?
monosaccharides
Give an example of a common building block (monomer) of carbohydrates.
glucose, fructose
In what form are energy carbohydrates stored in animals and plants?
Plants store carbohydrates in long polysaccharides chains called starch, animals store carbohydrates as the molecule glycogen
Name the three disaccharides and the two monosaccharides that form them.
glucose + glucose = maltose
glucose + fructose = sucrose
glucose + galactose = lactose
What type of structural carbohydrate is found in plants?
polysacchirides
List 3 functions of carbohydrates.
recognition, energy, structure
How do the 20 amino acids differ from each other?
from their “R” group that is attached to the amino acid monomer
What are the 3 components nucleotide is made up of?
a sugar molecule (either ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA) attached to a phosphate group and a base
Which bases can be found in both DNA and RNA nucleotides?
adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C)
