Lecture 5 - Developing Through Lifespans (Pt. 2) Flashcards
What is the major task of infancy?
Forming healthy attachments
What is the major task of childhood?
Forming a healthy self-concept
What is an authoritarian parenting style?
Parents impose rules because “I said so” and expect obedience
What is a permissive parenting style?
Parents submit to child’s desires, not enforcing limits or standards for behavior
What is an authoritative parenting style?
Parents enforce rules, limits, and standards, but also explain, listen, and express respect for child’s ideas and wishes
What is the lifespan perspective?
Development is a lifelong process
What is adolescence?
A transition period from childhood to adulthood
What is puberty?
Time of sexual maturation
What is an early sign of puberty?
Height change
How does the brain develop during puberty?
The brain stops automatically adding new connections and increases efficiency by “rewiring”
How is nerve conduction sped up during puberty?
Well-used connections are coated in myelin
What part of the brain is last to rewire?
The frontal lobe
What do adolescents prioritize?
They understand risk and consequences but give more weight to potential thrills and rewards
What did Piaget claim about adolescents?
He said they were in the formal operational stage
What is preconventional morality?
When you follow the rules because if you don’t, you’ll get in trouble and if you do, you’ll be rewarded
What is conventional morality?
When you follow the rules because everyone gets along if everyone does the right thing
What is post-conventional morality?
When you recognize the rules sometimes need to be set aside to pursue higher principles
What is moral intuition?
Quick, gut-feeling decisions
What is moral intuition based on?
Moral reasoning and emotions
What did Erik Erikson believe about adolescents?
They are struggling to form an identity to prevent role confusion
What does psychosocial development revolve around during infancy?
Trust vs. mistrust
What does psychosocial development revolve around during toddlerhood?
Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
What does psychosocial development revolve around during preschool?
Initiative vs. guilt
What does psychosocial development revolve around during elementary school?
Competence vs. inferiority
What does psychosocial development revolve around during adolescence?
Identity vs. role confusion
What does psychosocial development revolve around during young adulthood?
Intimacy vs. isolation
What does psychosocial development revolve around during middle adulthood?
Generativity vs. stagnation
What does psychosocial development revolve around during late adulthood?
Integrity vs. despair
What happens to physical development at mid-20’s?
Reach peak which comes with biological maturation
What happens to physical development at middle adulthood?
Physical vitality is still more a function of lifestyle rather than biological decline
What happens to physical development at the end of reproductive years?
Gradual decline in sexual activity and enter menopause around age 50
What is a human’s potential lifespan?
About 122 years
What happens to telomeres (tips of chromosomes) as we age?
They wear down with every generation of cell duplication and we stop hearing well
What is the death-deferral phenomenon?
People are able to stay alive for special events and gatherings before they pass
What happens to memory as we age?
The regions of the brain related to memory begin to shrink, making it harder to form new ones
What is the POPFID model?
Parent Orientation and Parent Fixation In Dementia
What happens to the brain during dementia?
There is a loss of brain cells and neural connections, with a deterioration of neurons that produce acetylcholine (memory transmitter) and shriveled protein filaments forming plaques at tips of neurons
What are cross-sectional studies?
Comparing people at different ages all at once
What are longitudinal studies?
Comparing attributes of same people as they age over time
