Lecture 1 - The Prologue Flashcards
How did Aristotle approach the human mind?
Asked questions to under the relationship between the body and psyche. Observed and made guesses.
What advancement did Wilhelm Wundt make in 1879?
Established first modern laboratory in psychology.
What was Wilhelm Wundt’s method of research?
- Carefully measured observations
- Experiments
What was Wilhelm Wundt’s 1879 experiment?
Measured time it took for people to
1. push a button when ball is heard hitting platform (0.1 sec)
2. push a button when consciously aware of ball hitting platform (0.2 sec)
What was Wilhelm Wundt examining in his 1879 experiment?
Sensation vs. perception
Who did Edward Tichener learn under?
Wilhelm Wundt
What was Edward Tichener’s method of research?
“Self-report” data and introspection
What approach did Edward Tichener create?
Structuralism
What does structuralism examine?
Elements of human culture and their relationship to the broader system.
What approach did William James develop?
Functionalism
What does functionalism examine?
The function of human thoughts, feelings, and behaviors and how they helped ancestors survive.
What is “Principles of Psychology”?
The first psychology textbook, written by William James.
What did Mary Whiton Calkins achieve in 1905?
Became first female president of APA.
Who did Mary Whiton Calkins learn under?
William James
What did Mary Whiton Calkins achieve in 1894?
Earned a PhD at Harvard University, but Trustees refused to award the degree.
What idea did Mary Whiton Calkins originate?
Paired-associate learning
What is Paired-associate learning used for?
To understand how people encode and retrieve newly formed associations among stimuli. Dominated psychology from 1900-1950.
What did Margaret Floy Washburn achieve in 1921?
Became second female APA president.
Who wrote “The Animal Mind” (1908) and “Movement and Mental Imagery” (1916)?
Margaret Floy Washburn
What did Margaret Floy Washburn achieve in 1897?
First woman to be awarded with a PhD (earned at Cornell University).
Who did Margaret Floy Washburn learn under?
Edward Tichener (although she was barred from his experimental psychology organization).
Who was the second woman to be named a Fellow of the American Academy of Sciences?
Margaret Floy Washburn
What was Francis Summer known as?
The Father of Black psychology
Where did Francis Summer earn his PhD in 1920?
Clark University
What was the title of Francis Summer’s dissertation?
“Psychoanalysis of Freud and Adler”
Who chaired (and helped found) the Howard University Psychology Department?
Francis Summers (1928-1954)
What was Wundt and Tichener’s definition of psychology?
“The science of mental life”
What was Watson and Skinner’s definition of psychology?
“The scientific study of observable behavior”
