Lecture 5 - clinical exam. sheep, goat, llama, alpaca Flashcards
name some Nervous system signs (5)
Circling,
head pressing,
unilateral facial paralysis,
blindness,
depression
Tenesmus
straining to defecate but unproductive
BCS scale for sheep & goats
pregnancy ideal
Scale 1-5
(ideal for pregnancy 2,5-3)
Assessment by palpating the transverse and spinous processes of the lumbar vertebrae (muscle, fat).
sheep HR
goat HR
4-5th intercostal space
SHEEP
* Heart rate 70-80 x min
GOAT
* Heart rate 70-90 x min
! HR and RR increase greatly
– Warm weather (wool)
– Catching the animals
sheep RR
goat RR
Sheep
Respiratory rate 12-20 x min
Goat
Respiratory rate 15-30 x min
! HR and RR increase greatly
– Warm weather (wool)
– Catching the animals
sheep
goat
normal temps
Sheep
Temp 38,5-40 °C
Goat
Temp 39–40°C
Clinical examination of sheep/goat mucous membranes
– Salmon pink
– Ocular, oral, vulval mucosa
- CRT
– < 2s
– Oral, vulval mucosa
explain the sheep ”Wheel barrow test”
sheep is lifted by its hind legs so its head drops down can be used to detect any nasal discharge seeping out when the test is performed.
a way of identifying sheep affected with OPA, ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma
in which species should you NOT do a rectal examination like in cattle?
sheep and goats
but you can utilize digital to retrieve a fecal sample
how to collect a Urine sample from sheep
The person holding the sheep places one or both hands over the nose and mouth of the sheep to prevent breathing, for up to 30 seconds (maximum). This will cause the animal to urinate.
not recommended if suspected urolithiasis.
Many conditons affecting the nervous system in goats and sheep. Name some.
Listeriosis (listeria monocytogenes)
tetanus (clostridium tetani)
Maedi-Visna (lentivirus)
Scrapie (TSE)
also metabolic conditions (hypocalcemia,
hypomagnesemia, pregnancy toxicosis)
sheep/goat pregnancy check how?
ultrasound from the groin
normal HR in lambs and kids
LAMB
* HR 80-100 x min
KID
* HR 100-120 x min
normal RR in lambs and kids
LAMB
* RR 36-48 x min
KID
* RR 20-40 x min
normal temps in lambs and kids
lamb
temp 39- 40’C
kid
38,8- 40,2’C
Camelids include how many species
7 species:
dromedary camels (one-humped)
Bactrian camels (two-humped)
wild Bactrian camels (endangered, Mongolia)
llamas (peru, bolivia, andes)
alpacas (peruvian andes)
vicuñas (wild south american)
and guanacos (wild south american)
describe the diffs between llamas and alpacas
Alpaca
* Weight 45-75 kg
* Height 1,5m (withers 0.9m)
* Cria 6-10kg at birth
Llama
* Weight 130-155 kg
* Height 1.7-1.8 m (withers 1.2-1.3m)
* Cria 9-14kg at birth
Llama can carry heavy packs.
describe the camelid GI tract
Camelids are modified ruminants or “pseudoruminants.”
Like ruminants, they use foregut fermentation to break down cellulose in fibrous plant species.
But in contrast to ruminants, their forestomaches are made up of three compartments rather than the true ruminants’ (sheep, goats, cattle, deer) four.
The three sections of a camelid forestomach are called C-1, C-2 and C-3. Camelids do not have a structure comparable to an omasum.
Do camelids have upper incisors?
The dentition consists of (each side) 3 molars and 1-2 premolars, (or cheek teeth) 3 lower incisors, and fighting teeth. They do not have upper incisors (excluding fighting teeth), instead they have a dental pad.
alpaca breeds
Alpacas: Huacaya (90%) and Suri (10%)
what is a huarizo
also known as a llapaca, is a hybrid cross between a male llama and a female alpaca.
what is a baby llama or alpaca called
ˈkrē-ə plural crias. : a baby llama, alpaca, vicuña, or guanaco. … the scarcity of alpacas is based on their slow rate of reproduction, since females usually deliver one baby, called a cria, per year.
It comes from the Spanish word cría, meaning “baby”.
llama/alpaca gestation
Gestation around 350 days; 11+ months
- Sexual maturity
– Male around 30 months old (used for mating over 3 years of age)
– Female 2/3 of her mature weight, around 13(12-15) months - can mate 14 days after parturition
- Induced ovulators
- Crias weaned at 6 months of age
llama/alpaca normal:
temp
HR
RR
- T 37,5-38,9 °C (Cria T- 37,5- 38,5 °C)
- HR 60-90 x/min (Cria HR 60-100 (120) x/min)
- RR 10-30 x/min (Cria RR 15-30 x/min)
teeth trimming in llamas/alpacas
- Lower incisors should not reach over the upper dental pad
- trimming Done 1 to 2 times a year, if necessary
- Older animals have more problems with teeth
- Males grow up to 3 pairs of fighting teeth
- They come in between 3 to 4 years of age
- Can use a wire saw to remove, if they become dangerous
nail trimming in llamas/alpacas
llamas and alpacas have two toes and nails, not hooves.
– If they live on a hard, rocky ground they wear their nails down naturally.
– trimming Done 1 to 3 times a year, if necessary.
– Nails have to be trimmed on the same level as the toepad
– Too long nails can grow into the toepad or break painfully, causing lameness.
How is sheep BCS assessed?
Wool makes challenging.
Assessment by palpating the transverse and spinous processes of the lumbar vertebrae (muscle, fat).
