Lecture 5 - clinical exam. sheep, goat, llama, alpaca

Question 1

name some Nervous system signs (5)

Answer 1

Circling,
head pressing,
unilateral facial paralysis,
blindness,
depression

Question 2

Tenesmus

Answer 2

straining to defecate but unproductive

Question 3

BCS scale for sheep & goats
pregnancy ideal

Answer 3

Scale 1-5
(ideal for pregnancy 2,5-3)

Assessment by palpating the transverse and spinous processes of the lumbar vertebrae (muscle, fat).

Question 4

sheep HR
goat HR

Answer 4

4-5th intercostal space

SHEEP
* Heart rate 70-80 x min
GOAT
* Heart rate 70-90 x min

! HR and RR increase greatly
– Warm weather (wool)
– Catching the animals

Question 5

sheep RR
goat RR

Answer 5

Sheep
Respiratory rate 12-20 x min
Goat
Respiratory rate 15-30 x min

! HR and RR increase greatly
– Warm weather (wool)
– Catching the animals

Question 6

sheep
goat
normal temps

Answer 6

Sheep
Temp 38,5-40 °C
Goat
Temp 39–40°C

Question 7

Clinical examination of sheep/goat mucous membranes

Answer 7

– Salmon pink
– Ocular, oral, vulval mucosa

• CRT
  – < 2s
  – Oral, vulval mucosa

Question 8

explain the sheep ”Wheel barrow test”

Answer 8

sheep is lifted by its hind legs so its head drops down can be used to detect any nasal discharge seeping out when the test is performed.

a way of identifying sheep affected with OPA, ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma

Question 9

in which species should you NOT do a rectal examination like in cattle?

Answer 9

sheep and goats

but you can utilize digital to retrieve a fecal sample

Question 10

how to collect a Urine sample from sheep

Answer 10

The person holding the sheep places one or both hands over the nose and mouth of the sheep to prevent breathing, for up to 30 seconds (maximum). This will cause the animal to urinate.

not recommended if suspected urolithiasis.

Question 11

Many conditons affecting the nervous system in goats and sheep. Name some.

Answer 11

Listeriosis (listeria monocytogenes)
tetanus (clostridium tetani)
Maedi-Visna (lentivirus)
Scrapie (TSE)

also metabolic conditions (hypocalcemia,
hypomagnesemia, pregnancy toxicosis)

Question 12

sheep/goat pregnancy check how?

Answer 12

ultrasound from the groin

Question 13

normal HR in lambs and kids

Answer 13

LAMB
* HR 80-100 x min

KID
* HR 100-120 x min

Question 14

normal RR in lambs and kids

Answer 14

LAMB
* RR 36-48 x min

KID
* RR 20-40 x min

Question 15

normal temps in lambs and kids

Answer 15

lamb
temp 39- 40’C

kid
38,8- 40,2’C

Question 16

Camelids include how many species

Answer 16

7 species:
dromedary camels (one-humped)
Bactrian camels (two-humped)
wild Bactrian camels (endangered, Mongolia)

llamas (peru, bolivia, andes)
alpacas (peruvian andes)

vicuñas (wild south american)
and guanacos (wild south american)

Question 17

describe the diffs between llamas and alpacas

Answer 17

Alpaca
* Weight 45-75 kg
* Height 1,5m (withers 0.9m)
* Cria 6-10kg at birth

Llama
* Weight 130-155 kg
* Height 1.7-1.8 m (withers 1.2-1.3m)
* Cria 9-14kg at birth

Llama can carry heavy packs.

Question 18

describe the camelid GI tract

Answer 18

Camelids are modified ruminants or “pseudoruminants.”

Like ruminants, they use foregut fermentation to break down cellulose in fibrous plant species.

But in contrast to ruminants, their forestomaches are made up of three compartments rather than the true ruminants’ (sheep, goats, cattle, deer) four.

The three sections of a camelid forestomach are called C-1, C-2 and C-3. Camelids do not have a structure comparable to an omasum.

Question 19

Do camelids have upper incisors?

Answer 19

The dentition consists of (each side) 3 molars and 1-2 premolars, (or cheek teeth) 3 lower incisors, and fighting teeth. They do not have upper incisors (excluding fighting teeth), instead they have a dental pad.

Question 20

alpaca breeds

Answer 20

Alpacas: Huacaya (90%) and Suri (10%)

Question 21

what is a huarizo

Answer 21

also known as a llapaca, is a hybrid cross between a male llama and a female alpaca.

Question 22

what is a baby llama or alpaca called

Answer 22

ˈkrē-ə plural crias. : a baby llama, alpaca, vicuña, or guanaco. … the scarcity of alpacas is based on their slow rate of reproduction, since females usually deliver one baby, called a cria, per year.

It comes from the Spanish word cría, meaning “baby”.

Question 23

llama/alpaca gestation

Answer 23

Gestation around 350 days; 11+ months

• Sexual maturity
  – Male around 30 months old (used for mating over 3 years of age)
  – Female 2/3 of her mature weight, around 13(12-15) months
• can mate 14 days after parturition
• Induced ovulators
• Crias weaned at 6 months of age

Question 24

llama/alpaca normal:
temp
HR
RR

Answer 24

• T 37,5-38,9 °C (Cria T- 37,5- 38,5 °C)
• HR 60-90 x/min (Cria HR 60-100 (120) x/min)
• RR 10-30 x/min (Cria RR 15-30 x/min)

Question 25

teeth trimming in llamas/alpacas

Answer 25

• Lower incisors should not reach over the upper dental pad
• trimming Done 1 to 2 times a year, if necessary
• Older animals have more problems with teeth
• Males grow up to 3 pairs of fighting teeth
• They come in between 3 to 4 years of age
• Can use a wire saw to remove, if they become dangerous

Question 26

nail trimming in llamas/alpacas

Answer 26

llamas and alpacas have two toes and nails, not hooves.

– If they live on a hard, rocky ground they wear their nails down naturally.
– trimming Done 1 to 3 times a year, if necessary.

– Nails have to be trimmed on the same level as the toepad
– Too long nails can grow into the toepad or break painfully, causing lameness.

Question 27

How is sheep BCS assessed?

Answer 27

Wool makes challenging.

Assessment by palpating the transverse and spinous processes of the lumbar vertebrae (muscle, fat).