Lecture 5- Cell Structure Flashcards
True or false: Prokaryotic DNA is stored in the nucleus
False; prokaryotes lack a nucleus
Where are ribosomes found in eukaryotic cells?
Attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum and free-floating in the cytoplasm
How do prokaryotic cells divide?
Binary fission
Why don’t cells grow to be very large?
Larger cells would have a poor surface area to volume ratio and therefore be inefficient
What does the Cell Theory state?
All life is made of cells, all cells have 4 common features, all cells have genetic material, and all cells have a common evolutionary ancestor
Which organelles contain DNA in a eukaryotic animal cell?
Nucleus & mitochondria
What are the structures that directly surround the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell?
Nuclear lamina & nuclear envelope
Where is DNA stored in a prokaryotic cell?
On a single circular chromosome in the nucleoid
True or false: Prokaryotic cells lack ribosomes
False; all cells have ribosomes
How do mitochondria reproduce?
Binary fission
What is the nuclear envelope composed of?
Two lipid bilayers
What is the name of the gel-like material inside of the mitochondria?
Mitochondrial matrix
Where is DNA stored in a eukaryotic cell?
On linear chromosomes in the nucleus
What is the nuclear lamina composed of and what is its function?
Proteins (intermediate filaments) & maintains nucleus shape
What is the inside of the endoplasmic reticulum called?
Lumen
Cell Theory states that all cells have four common features. What are those features?
All cells have a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and genetic material
What are the main functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Storage of calcium ions, detoxification of poisons/drugs (metabolizes polysaccharides), & synthesis of lipids
How does mRNA leave the nucleus?
Via nuclear pores
What are cisternae?
Membranous sacs that stack to form the golgi apparatus
What is the primary function of a ribosome?
Synthesize primary polypeptides
What is the main function of a contractile vacuole?
Pump excess water out of a cell (protists)
What are lysosomes composed of and what is their function?
Sacs of hydrolytic enzymes → break down complex molecules
What is the difference between the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
Rough ER is studded with ribosomes whereas smooth ER is not. They also differ in functionality
In what type of cell are central vacuoles found and what is their function?
Plant cells → store water
Which side of the golgi apparatus receives vesicles from the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
Cis-face
What are the main functions of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
Protein folding and modification, secretion of glycoproteins, & distribution of transport vesicles
Which side of the golgi apparatus ships vesicles out to the plasma membrane?
Trans-face
What are the three types of protein fibers that compose the cytoskeleton?
Microfilaments → intermediate filaments → microtubules
True or false: The golgi apparatus is studded with ribosomes
FALSE
Which of the following structures is only found in eukaryotes? Nuclear pores, DNA, RNA, ribosomes, cell wall
Nuclear pores
