Lecture 5- Cell Structure

Question 1

True or false: Prokaryotic DNA is stored in the nucleus

Answer 1

False; prokaryotes lack a nucleus

Question 2

Where are ribosomes found in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 2

Attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum and free-floating in the cytoplasm

Question 3

How do prokaryotic cells divide?

Answer 3

Binary fission

Question 4

Why don’t cells grow to be very large?

Answer 4

Larger cells would have a poor surface area to volume ratio and therefore be inefficient

Question 5

What does the Cell Theory state?

Answer 5

All life is made of cells, all cells have 4 common features, all cells have genetic material, and all cells have a common evolutionary ancestor

Question 6

Which organelles contain DNA in a eukaryotic animal cell?

Answer 6

Nucleus & mitochondria

Question 7

What are the structures that directly surround the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 7

Nuclear lamina & nuclear envelope

Question 8

Where is DNA stored in a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 8

On a single circular chromosome in the nucleoid

Question 9

True or false: Prokaryotic cells lack ribosomes

Answer 9

False; all cells have ribosomes

Question 10

How do mitochondria reproduce?

Answer 10

Binary fission

Question 11

What is the nuclear envelope composed of?

Answer 11

Two lipid bilayers

Question 12

What is the name of the gel-like material inside of the mitochondria?

Answer 12

Mitochondrial matrix

Question 13

Where is DNA stored in a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 13

On linear chromosomes in the nucleus

Question 14

What is the nuclear lamina composed of and what is its function?

Answer 14

Proteins (intermediate filaments) & maintains nucleus shape

Question 15

What is the inside of the endoplasmic reticulum called?

Answer 15

Lumen

Question 16

Cell Theory states that all cells have four common features. What are those features?

Answer 16

All cells have a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and genetic material

Question 17

What are the main functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 17

Storage of calcium ions, detoxification of poisons/drugs (metabolizes polysaccharides), & synthesis of lipids

Question 18

How does mRNA leave the nucleus?

Answer 18

Via nuclear pores

Question 19

What are cisternae?

Answer 19

Membranous sacs that stack to form the golgi apparatus

Question 20

What is the primary function of a ribosome?

Answer 20

Synthesize primary polypeptides

Question 21

What is the main function of a contractile vacuole?

Answer 21

Pump excess water out of a cell (protists)

Question 22

What are lysosomes composed of and what is their function?

Answer 22

Sacs of hydrolytic enzymes → break down complex molecules

Question 23

What is the difference between the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 23

Rough ER is studded with ribosomes whereas smooth ER is not. They also differ in functionality

Question 24

In what type of cell are central vacuoles found and what is their function?

Answer 24

Plant cells → store water

Question 25

Which side of the golgi apparatus receives vesicles from the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 25

Cis-face

Question 26

What are the main functions of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 26

Protein folding and modification, secretion of glycoproteins, & distribution of transport vesicles

Question 27

Which side of the golgi apparatus ships vesicles out to the plasma membrane?

Answer 27

Trans-face

Question 28

What are the three types of protein fibers that compose the cytoskeleton?

Answer 28

Microfilaments → intermediate filaments → microtubules

Question 29

True or false: The golgi apparatus is studded with ribosomes

Answer 29

FALSE

Question 30

Which of the following structures is only found in eukaryotes? Nuclear pores, DNA, RNA, ribosomes, cell wall

Answer 30

Nuclear pores