Lecture 3- Biological Molecules

Question 1

What are the four biological macromolecules?

Answer 1

Lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, & nucleic acids

Question 2

What are the seven main biological functional groups?

Answer 2

Hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, sulfhydryl, phosphate, & methyl

Question 3

What are the most common secondary structure proteins?

Answer 3

Alpha-helices & beta-pleated sheets

Question 4

What type of bonds are present in secondary structure proteins?

Answer 4

Hydrogen bonds between polypeptide chains

Question 5

Where are primary structure proteins synthesized?

Answer 5

Ribosomes

Question 6

What is dehydration synthesis?

Answer 6

Formation of polymers by the removal of water

Question 7

What is hydrolysis?

Answer 7

The breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones by addition of water

Question 8

Which of the seven main biological functional groups are basic?

Answer 8

Amino group

Question 9

Which of the seven main biological functional groups are nonpolar/hydrophobic?

Answer 9

Methyl group

Question 10

What are the monomers and polymers of carbohydrates?

Answer 10

Monosaccharide → disaccharide → polysaccharide

Question 11

What are the monomers and polymers of proteins?

Answer 11

Amino acids → polypeptides → proteins

Question 12

What are the monomers and polymers of lipids?

Answer 12

Glycerol + fatty acids → no true polymer

Question 13

What are the monomers and polymers of nucleic acids?

Answer 13

Nitrogenous base + phosphate + pentose sugar → nucleotides → DNA/RNA

Question 14

What type of bonds are formed between two carbohydrates?

Answer 14

Glycosidic linkage

Question 15

What type of bonds are formed between two amino acids?

Answer 15

Peptide bond (covalent)

Question 16

How do amino acids bond to one another?

Answer 16

Dehydration synthesis between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid

Question 17

What type of bonds are formed between nucleic acids?

Answer 17

Phosphodiester bonds

Question 18

What type of bonds are formed between lipids?

Answer 18

Ester linkages

Question 19

What is the name of an enzyme involved in dehydration synthesis?

Answer 19

Dehydrogenase

Question 20

What is the name of an enzyme involved in hydrolysis?

Answer 20

Hydrolase

Question 21

Which two sugars combine to form sucrose?

Answer 21

Glucose + fructose

Question 22

What are two storage polysaccharides made from alpha-glucose?

Answer 22

Starch & glycogen

Question 23

What are two structural polysaccharides made from beta-glucose?

Answer 23

Cellulose & chitin

Question 24

What are phospholipids composed of?

Answer 24

Hydrophilic phosphate head + glycerol backbone + hydrophobic fatty acid tails